Travel Constraints -risk-experience Model Research In Natural Tourism Destination

Leisure constraints research has a long history. Since 1960s-1970s, scholars began to research the impacting factors on participating in recreational activities. Early researchers focused on the definition, specific obstacles of leisure constraints. Up to 1980s Crowford put forward the intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural dimensions of leisure constraints, which has flourished the dimension content and been widely used. Travel constraints reference the literature research of leisure constraints to study tourism problem, when refer to specific recreational activities or different demographic groups, there is specific difference between travel constraints and leisure constraints.Travel constraint is anything that inhibits peoples’ability to participate in tourism activities, to spend more time doing so, to take advantage of tourism services, or to achieve a desired level of satisfaction. In recent years, travel constraints research proceeds mainly around different demographic characteristics and the market segment of tourism types, which expands the variable research of structural equation model using massive empirical studies. Along with the tourism development, new phenomenon and research questions appear continually, Which needs to keep pace with the tourism development and to expand theoretical study of travel constraints, to let the classic research flourishing.The article takes jiuzhaigou as an example, based on literature review using questionnaire investigation of five-point Likert scale. The improved sale added some hotspot contents to optimize underlying factors of travel constraints dimensions. The article also compares differences among groups tour, self-service tour and self-driving tour, and conducts structural equation model to research the relationship of travel constraints, risk perception and quality of tourist experience. Eventually, conclusion can be conducted from the following aspects.(1) characteristics of different way to travel. The ordinary self-service tourists have a higher educational composition, its total personal cost focuses at a higher level. The majority of self-driving tourists are male, having a larger revisit rate. Self-driving tourists have stronger intrapersonal constraints. Self-driving tourists own lower structural constraints, while ordinary self-service tourists have the highest structural constraints. Refer to interpersonal constraints, group-tourists possess the strongest Interpersonal communication requirements, but self-driving tourists have the lowest demand.(2) The relationship between travel constraints and risk perception. Travel constraints and risk perception all have a negative influence on tourism, but they explain the different content and consider from different perspectives. Travel constraints consider from the perspective of tourist confronting different kinds of obstacle, while risk perception from specific tourism destination. Combination of these two variables will lead to a more comprehensive consideration of travel barriers. Through structural equation model, we can conclude that intrapersonal constraints and risk perception are significantly positively related, and structure constraints isn’t significantly correlated with risk perception, while Interpersonal constraints and risk perception have a significantly weak but positive correlation. The situation that risk perception is significantly positive correlated with intrapersonal and Interpersonal constraints, confirms the conclusion that risk perception is verified by personal traits.(3)The influence for travel constraints, risk perception to tourist experience. Intrapersonal constraints have a significantly negative impact on tourist experience, implying that when the stronger constraints for individual health and skills, It being difficult to have a high tourist satisfaction and revisit rate. Structure constraints own a significantly weak but positive impact on tourist experience. Once the tourists overcome the travel restrictions and have real travel behavior, the more severe constraints, such as less spare time, longer distance, higher travel cost and so on, it will significantly improve the level of tourist experience at a certain degree. Interpersonal constraints and risk perception don’t have a significant influence on tourist experience.The article analyses the differences among three ways to travel, which expands the content of travel constraints research. The paper also constructs SEM to analyse mechanism of travel constraints-risk-experience model. The study makes innovation in promoting the relationship research among the relevant variables.