Mode Study On The Enterprises Participating In Social Assistance

The “ Relief ” mode of the enterprises participating in social assistance mainly includes two ways: charity donation and job offer.From the aspect of charity donation,the enterprises usually have two impetuses: one is the enterprises strategic development impetus based on economic rationality,and the other is the impetus for manifesting corporate responsibility and culture construction based on value rationality.However,the assistance effect of enterprises is sometimes limited by the following factors: narrow field of charity donation and object range,the difficult identification and selection of the given object,and the lack of initiative and sustainability.From the aspect of job offers,obtaining recognition and support from stakeholder and the realization of the “localization” for the enterprises is the impetus of the integration of this assistance mode.The effect of social assistance reflects that from macro level,the job offer by the enterprises can relieve the poverty status for disadvantaged groups,and from micro level,the job offer can improve the economic condition of poor individuals.In general,the “Relief” mode has the following characteristics: short-term assistance,impetus from external pressure,and the lack of benefit linking mechanism.The “Empowerment” mode of the enterprises participating in social assistance is based on the empowerment theory with the aim to change the “powerlessness” of the disadvantaged groups.The mode can be realized mainly through the intervention of external powers and the main approaches include enterprise and industrial poverty relief.The mode of social enterprise from strict permission to realize the effect of the enterprises social assistance have the following four aspects: the precise recognition mechanism to the objects of relief,the relationship of partnership to form the excitation mechanism of independence ability for the objects of relief,the self-earning mechanism with reasonable market operation,the relief effect of positive externality effect intensifying.Its specific approaches include four parts: the economic assistance of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure,the employment promotion of human capital development,the capability improvement of granted capital factors,and the right realization of rebuilding participating structure.The approach of industrial poverty relief is the main mode of the enterprises participating in poverty relief development under the background of agriculture industrialization.The basic development approaches are the “Company + Farmer household(the Poor)” and the “Company + Cooperation + Farmer household(the Poor)”.Although the social enterprise mode and the industrial poverty relief mode all belong to the “Empowerment” mode,they have their own characteristics.The characteristic for social enterprise assistance is that the scale and influence is relatively small,and lack of external support and internal professionals.The industrial poverty of relief mode of “Company + Farmer household(the Poor)” and the “Company + Cooperation + Farmer household(the Poor)” have obvious effect,but also have some limitations.The traditional mode of enterprises social assistance has certain dilemmas in practice.On the one hand,the dilemmas for the rescued mainly include four aspects: the practical effect of petty loan and cooperation project is not obvious,the self-operation capability of poverty population projects is insufficient,the disadvantaged groups have strong dependence on external assistance,the abuse of irrational consumerism,the poverty relieve rate and re-poverty rate are both high.On the other hand,the dilemmas for enterprises mainly include the enterprise social risk triggered by the poor effect of the assistance,or caused by the poverty and the moral risk of the rescued.The former reflects the social risk caused by the limited effect and the gap of wealth,as well as the entrepreneurial failure.The latter reflects the social risk caused by job offer and technical training.The dilemma root of traditional mode lies in the social exclusion on a macro level and the culture of poverty on a micro level.The existence of social exclusion makes the rescued lack of opportunities and approaches of obtaining useful information and resource,and even if the enterprises provide periodical development funds and professional skills,the effect of poverty relief projects in village has been gradually weakened by the shackle of social exclusion.The culture of poverty makes the rescued lack of initiative,lack of independent right,lack of self-discipline,and lack of creativity.It made the poor lack of autonomy and unable to generate changes or commit practice,thereby fail to realize the long term and sustainable poverty alleviation.To overcome the above dilemmas needs the establishment of the “Social Work Vehicle”.The vehicle is based on the three parties' participation among the enterprises,the social work team and the disadvantaged villagers,to establish the cooperative mechanism and entity working organization,which takes the enterprise as the leader,the social work team as the practitioner of poverty relief,and the disadvantaged villagers as participants.The “ Social Work Vehicle” sets up the organization structure,such as the social work office of poverty relief and the administration committee of practice base etc.It also establishes the working procedure and system of three parties' joint meeting,and regular community consulting meeting system etc.The Vehicle also builds entrepreneurial economic entity for poverty relief,carries out individual and group social work,and conducts social assistance.The “ Social Work Vehicle ” of multiple cooperation improves the economic poverty relief by the increase of income,renews the spirit of the rescued and helps to diminish the culture of poverty,and builds the social support network to solve social exclusion.The Vehicle realizes the mode of enterprises participating in social assistance transferring from the “Relief” and the “Empowerment” mode of limited resource cooperation to the “Collaboration” mode of considering both resources cooperation and management cooperation,and explores new approaches for the enterprises to participate in social assistance.Meanwhile,the “Collaboration” mode of enterprises participating in social assistance also improve the enterprise's ability to control social risk,thus to fulfill the corporate social responsibility in a more effective way,while also improve the overall economic condition of the rescued.The more important thing is that,from the micro level,to change the spirit of the rescued through the survival need of differentiation,the improvement of external living environment,the dissemination of advanced cultural symbol and ideas,the cultivation of self-reliance and the awareness of self-discipline and healthy life-style;from the macro level,to resolve the economic exclusion and build the communication and coordination mechanism for dispelling the political exclusion and social relation exclusion and promoting the social inclusion.The structure and mechanism of the “Social Work Vehicle” conform to each social subject the mutual benefit principle of “work according to one's ability and let everyone do his best” and “each takes what he needs” under the condition of market economy.The appearance of the “Collaboration” mode meets the practical need and is an inevitable result of market-oriented reform and development.The mode now has the sufficient condition for a wider application in more areas in China.