| Exploring accurate poverty alleviation strategy of ethnic regions is the key and difficult point for our country to get rid of poverty thoroughy in the future.The ethnic regions is very poor but rich in tourism resources,the ethnic minorities,poor situation,and tourism resources are always highly overlaps,so tourism poverty alleviation become the main force of the ethnic minority areas to overcome poverty.Sichuan Tibetan regions is the second largest Tibetan areas with unique plateau geographical environment and outstanding Tibetan Buddhism culture characteristics in our countey.Relying on the special geographical environment and tourism resources,tourism industry has become the leading and pillar industry in Tibetan areas.In 2014,110 rural tourism demonstration counties,Township(town),and demonstration villages are created in sichuan Tibetan areas,more than 3600 Zang people’s agritainments and husbandry inns are carried out,about 130,000 farmers and herdsmen participate in the tourism directly or indirectly.However,regional tourism developing does not guarantee that the poor people and poor community can also get the corresponding development opportunities.Especially the tourism poverty alleviation did not play its inherent role because the poor object recognition is not accurate,supporting measures for poverty alleviation is not precise and poverty alleviation performance is not clear.Therefore,based on the research on community tourism poverty alleviation,further study the performance of tourism poverty alleviation is of great significance.Under the policy system framework of accurate poverty alleviation strategy,based on the basic theories of tourism and anti-poverty.The paper analyzes the fountion mechanism,driving mechanism and operation mode of community tourism poverty alleviation,and focus on poor people,build a performance evaluation system of community tourism poverty alleviation.In the empirical part.Taking the situation of sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation into consideration,the paper uses the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and structural equation model to measure the performance of sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation.Summarizes the experiences and deficiency during the practical of community tourism poverty alleviation,giving some constructive suggestions about performance improvement of sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation.The main conclusions:(1)The poverty alleviation of community tourism has theoretical and practical basis.Community tourism poverty alleviation and give full play to the community subjectivity,the community as a tourist attraction,poor people create the opportunity to express their wishes,mobilize community residents to participate in community tourism development decision-making,implementation and monitoring process,thereby increasing the community development of "self hematopoietic function,fundamentally solve the problem of poverty.The community through government regulation and promoting the development of tourism,community driven,market driven mechanism breaks through the restriction of resources and environment,factors of breakthrough ability,rights,improve the development capacity of poor communities and poor people,thus forming a virtuous cycle of advanced systems,ecological civilization,economic and social development.On the level of poverty,the poor population is involved in the development of community tourism through direct participation or indirect participation,and achieves three goals of community tourism poverty alleviation through sharing,matching and learning.(2)The subjective and objective compound evaluation is suitable for the performance monitoring of community tourism poverty alleviation.Through the analysis of objective performance and subjective performance evaluation results,the performance evaluation of compound poverty alleviation performance is carried out,and the interactive indicators of different performance dimensions are compared and evaluated,so as to verify the effectiveness of expert oriented objective performance evaluation results.The core of performance evaluation of compound poverty alleviation is to highlight the role of community residents and experts,give full play to community residents’ wisdom and expertise of experts at all levels,and assess the actual effect of community tourism poverty alleviation.(3)Sichuan Tibetan areas have the conditions for the development of community tourism for poverty alleviation and development.The Tibetan area in Sichuan has the characteristics of Multidimensional Poverty,such as economic poverty,poverty of capacity,information poverty,and ecological poverty.Generally speaking,the economic and social development of Tibetan areas in Sichuan is restricted by geospatial constraints,weak market risk tolerance,limited development capacity,serious endemic problems,and contradiction between industrial development and ecological protection.The regional environment of Plateau and Tibetan Buddhism culture characteristics of Sichuan Tibetan community are different from other communities.The tourism resources of Sichuan Tibetan area are rich,the Tibetan Buddhism culture is deep,and the potential of community tourism for poverty alleviation is great.The global tourism development pattern has created the market basic conditions for the community tourism to help the poor.The special assistance policy in Tibetan areas has provided a strong guarantee for the promotion of community tourism poverty alleviation.At present,in the poverty alleviation practice of community tourism in Sichuan Tibetan area,three kinds of leading mode of government led,community led and enterprise LED are formed.(4)The objective performance of poverty alleviation of community tourism in Sichuan Tibetan area is better.From the three aspects of process dimension,material dimension and ability dimension,we constructed the objective performance evaluation index system of Sichuan’s Tibetan community’s poor tourism support,and evaluated the objective performance level of Sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The results show that the objective performance of poverty alleviation in community tourism in Sichuan Tibetan area is at a relatively good level.Community tourism has a great effect on improving infrastructure and improving the ability of poor people.However,the poor performance of Sichuan Tibetan community tourism in poverty alleviation process shows that the mechanism of community tourism participation and the dynamic management system of community tourism poverty alleviation need to be strengthened.From the dominant mode of community tourism poverty alleviation,the objective performance of the enterprise led community tourism poverty alleviation is the most significant,while the community-based tourism poverty alleviation objective performance level is relatively low,and the objective performance of the government led community tourism poverty alleviation is at a relatively good level.(5)The perception of the performance of community tourism in poverty alleviation affects the willingness of the residents to support.By constructing the structural equation model of community residents’ perception and behavior for community tourism poverty alleviation performance,this paper analyzes the internal logical relationship between process performance,material performance and capability performance from the perspective of community microcosmic.The results show that the performance of poverty alleviation process in community tourism has a positive impact on material performance and capability performance of poverty alleviation in community tourism,and the support willingness of community tourism poverty alleviation is positively influenced by community residents’ positive perception and empowerment perception on community tourism poverty alleviation.The relationship between the performance of the community residents’ Tourism Management and the positive perception of the adjustment process is negative to the relationship between the regulation process performance and the empowerment perception.There is no significant moderating effect of operating income level on community residents’ empowerment perception and poor performance negative perception and support willingness.The higher the residents with higher income,the lower the willingness to support the poor.(6)There are differences in the evaluation of the subjective and objective performance of the community tourism for poverty alleviation.On the basis of analyzing the residents’ perception and behavior of the community tourism poverty alleviation performance,we use the subjective performance evaluation index of community tourism poverty alleviation and evaluate the subjective performance of Sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation from the perspective of community residents.The research shows that the overall subjective and objective performance evaluation results of poverty alleviation in Sichuan Tibetan communities are consistent.There are differences between subjective and objective evaluations of process performance and capability performance.Objective performance evaluation shows significant performance and poor process performance,while subjective performance evaluation shows significant process performance and poor performance.(7)There are differences in community category among the residents of the community tourism.Community tourism in different types of community tourism poverty alleviation performance of residents are different.There is a large gap between the subjective and objective evaluation of the performance of the enterprise led community tourism in poverty alleviation performance,which mainly embodies the low recognition degree of the community residents’ ability to capacity performance.In the dimension of capability performance.The recognition degree of community empowerment degree and the increase of collective ability were lower in community residents.The comprehensive performance level of the community led tourism poverty alleviation is low,and it needs the guidance of external support.The performance of the government led community tourism for poverty alleviation in Sichuan is at a good level,and the government led model is the main model for the future tourism poverty alleviation in Sichuan Tibetan area.(8)Internal and external factors restrict the improvement of community tourism poverty alleviation performance in Sichuan Tibetan area.The improvement of poverty alleviation performance of community tourism in Sichuan Tibetan area is influenced by internal and external factors.In the process of implementing community tourism poverty alleviation,there are common restrictive factors of anti poverty in Tibetan areas and special constraints of tourism industry.The main performance limitation of resource integration in the sector panel normal resource integration mechanism to be established;the constraints of resources and environment is still outstanding,traffic bottlenecks need to break the restriction of market operation;decentralized management in the development of community tourism,development mode should be changed,community organizations,community participation in tourism capacity constraint is the lack of promotion of community tourism poverty alleviation performance;community tourism poverty alleviation mechanism is not perfect,need restraint mechanism,community tourism poverty alleviation assessment system,perfect long-term mechanism.Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy recommendations are put forward.(1)Clarify the idea of community tourism for poverty alleviation.Sichuan Tibetan community tourism poverty alleviation and development work should adapt to the cultural characteristics of the local and the traditional concept of fusion deal with the issue of community tourism development and regional tourism network,exploiting comparative advantages of minority community tourism relying on resources,strengthen the effective integration of resources of various departments,play to the market mechanism,promote community participation,make tourism benefit effect community poverty group.(2)Construction of community tourism poverty alleviation participation mechanism.The process performance of Sichuan Tibetan community tourism in poverty alleviation is low,which is characterized by low participation rate in community tourism and prominent exclusion of poor people.The government can improve the community participation level of the poor from two aspects,such as reducing the community participation barriers of the poor,and strengthening the conditions of the community participation of the poor.(3)Optimize the mode of promoting the poverty alleviation of community tourism.The function of government organization,guidance,coordination and management should be fully played,and the function of government should be changed from "government led" to "government guidance".Community participation is promoted through community empowerment to enhance the self-development ability of community tourism.At the same time,through cultural innovation,product innovation,channel innovation and other enterprises to improve the performance of the leading community tourism poverty alleviation.(4)Improve the performance evaluation system of community tourism poverty alleviation.To promote community tourism poverty alleviation project implementation as the key to the whole village,focus on building a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism,to promote the third party evaluation,improve participation in poverty alleviation in the performance evaluation of community residents,and strengthen the transformation of poverty alleviation performance results,establish the evaluation information feedback system of communication mechanism.The innovation of this study is mainly manifested in the following aspects:(1)From accurate poverty alleviation perspective,this study focus on the poverty alleviation target,poverty alleviation mechanism,driving mechanism and operation mode,build the theoretical framework of community tourism poverty alleviation,clear the internal logic relationship between the development of community tourism and poverty reduction.(2)This study inherits and improve the existing assessment system,propose composite evaluation model for poverty alleviation from subjective and objective evaluation view.and establish a three-dimensional performance evaluation index of community tourism poverty alleviation based on process dimension and material dimension,ability dimension.(3)This study build a community tourism subjective performance evaluation structural equation model from the perspective of community residents’ perception view.Showing that the community tourism participation degree adjusts the community tourism poverty alleviation performance awareness and support willingness.We clear that the process of community tourism poverty alleviation performance has a internal relation with the material performance and ability performance. |
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