| The main content of supply side structural reform is to enhance the capability of independent innovation.The R&D activities of foreign invested enterprises are the representatives of international advanced technology development and innovation management.It is an important reference to improve the ability of independent innovation.In recent years,the tendency of foreign investment wholly owned enterprises and the tendency of R&D localization make it have an important theoretical and practical value to accurately grasp the level of innovation,evaluate its innovation ability and test the spillover effects.However,the lack of required datas hindered the development of related studies.Mean,while,the multi-input,multi-output,multi-link characteristics of innovation activities need to expand the model to meet the research requirements.By using the value chain spillover and the spatial spillover of the innovation ability of enterprises,it can serve for the improvement of our country's independent innovation ability.This study calculates the necessary data and expands the theory of enterprise innovation value chain.This is the first time to evaluate and analyze the multi-stage innovation ability of domestic and foreign enterprises in 30 provinces and 25 industries in China.Then this paper clarifies the characteristics of innovation value chain and spatial spillover effect.Finally,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions.This study mainly includes the following four parts:(1)This paper decomposes the existing two stages into three stages:technology development,product development,and innovation diffusion,and then expounds the theoretical basis and practical significance.This paper accounted the domestic and foreign enterprises' R&D capital stock in 30 provinces and 25 industries in China for the first time.This paper constructs the three stage model of the innovation value chain,then compares these indexes from the overall trend,individual differences,convergence and other aspects.The results show that:?From 1998 to 2014,Chinese industrial enterprises R&D capital stock increased from 221.95 billion yuan to 1707.34 billion yuan,both domestic and foreign enterprises have shown non-asset R&D capital accumulation characteristics;?The agglomeration of the eastern part of the innovation index of foreign enterprises is obvious and the divergence rate is higher than that of domestic enterprises;?The total amount of innovative indicators of domestic enterprises is greater and the accumulation rate is more stable,while the growth rate of foreign enterprises is higher but gradually slow down;?In the product development stage,the innovation indicators show a regional non-equilibrium reduction trend,while in the remaining stages,the regional non-equilibrium growth of innovation indicators intensified;?Northeast region accounts for a general decline,while the central region accounts for significant rise;?The index of technological transformation is deeply affected by the financial crisis,after the increase from 2008 to decrease,and the downward trend shows no signs of relief.(2)With the super efficiency model of the MinDS,which is non-oriented,variable return to scale,the paper evaluates the technological development capability,product development capability and innovation diffusion ability of domestic and foreign enterprises in 30 provinces and 25 industries in China from 2005 to 2014 based on the global reference set.Besides,this paper compares the similarities and differences of innovation capacity of domestic and foreign enterprises in different regions and industries from the static efficiency characteristics,dynamic evolution trends,growth potential analysis and other aspects.The results show that:?In aspect of static efficiency characteristics,the innovation ability of foreign enterprises is higher than that of domestic enterprises,however,domestic enterprises show a clear trend to catch up,especially the technology development and innovation diffusion capacity in the eastern areas.And both domestic and foreign enterprises show that the innovation ability of light industrial enterprises is higher than that of heavy industry enterprises.?In the aspect of dynamic evolution,the Malmquist index of foreign enterprises in the stage of technology development is higher,and the technical efficiency.index is the main aspect.In the product development stage,domestic enterprises are relatively leading,which is reflected by technical efficiency index and technological progress index.In the stage of innovation diffusion,foreign enterprises are relatively leading,and the technology progress index is the main aspect.? In the aspect of growth potential,the input redundancy rate of domestic enterprises in the technological development stage is higher,while the output inefficiency rate of foreign-funded enterprises is higher.In the product development stage,regional and industry differences are relatively large,both domestic and foreign-funded enterprises have invested in redundant and inadequate output situations.In the stage of innovation and diffusion,except for new product sales,all the other indicators are expressed as the input redundant and output inefficient of domestic enterprises.(3)This paper constructs endogenous technological innovation capability model,selects the factors influencing the three stages of innovation value chain,then using the mean regression,panel quantile regression model to analyses the innovation value chain spillovers effects of domestic and foreign enterprises of various regions and industries.Then it makes a comparative analysis between their characteristics.The results show that:? In the stage of technology development,the domestic enterprises is positively affected by the reverse spillovers of the value chain.The catching-up foreign enterprises are significantly affected by the spillovers of the value chain between domestic and foreign enterprises.University-industry collaborative promotes the ability of foreign enterprises,while it inhibits the performance of domestic enterprises.Enhance cooperation between catching-up enterprises is not conducive to enhance the ability to promote.The negative effect of R&D project scale is becoming more and more obvious with the development of domestic enterprises' technical development ability.? In the stage of product development,the positive role of multiple value chain spillovers of domestic enterprises is becoming more and more obvious.The foreign capital enterprises are affected by multiple value chain spillovers,the reverse spillovers of the value chain affected the catching-up enterprises more remarkable,while the sequential value chain spillovers effect is more significant on the leader enterprises.Enhancing the scale of new product development projects has positive effect on the catching-up enterprises,while it is not conducive for the leader to maintain a relative advantage.?In the stage of innovation and diffusion,domestic enterprises are positively influenced by the spillovers of the value chain.The impact on the catching-up enterprises is more comprehensive,while the positive impact on the ability leaders is more significant.The effect of value chain spillovers on foreign capital enterprises is more obvious.The positive effect on the catching-up enterprises is more significant,while the impact on the leader enterprises is more comprehensive.The positive effect of tax incentives on the catching-up enterprises is more obvious.(4)This paper using the spatial agglomeration,Moran,I index,spatial lag model,spatial error model and spatial durbin model to analyses the value chain spatial spillovers effects of technological innovation capability,product innovation capability and innovation diffusion ability of domestic and foreign enterprises of various regions and industries.Then it makes a comparative analysis between their characteristics.The results show that:?The spatial spillover of foreign and domestic enterprises' innovation capability is significant,and the spatial interaction has an impact on the innovation interaction between enterprises;?The basic function of technology development is remarkable,and the ability of cross regional influence is stronger than the other two stages;?The spatial spillover of domestic enterprises to foreign enterprises is positive,but in general,there is a weak interaction between domestic and foreign enterprises;?The innovation interaction of foreign-funded enterprises is more positive,the learning ability is stronger,and the result oriented characteristic is obvious.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)The two stage model of enterprise innovation value chain is extended to the three stage model,that's technology development stage,the stage of product development,innovation diffusion stage.This provides a more holistic and comprehensive theoretical tool for the cognition of enterprise technological innovation activities;(2)In this study,we calculate the R&D capital stock of domestic and foreign industrial enterprises in various regions and industries in China,make up for the gap,and evaluate the innovation ability of the three phases of the innovation value chain;(3)By using panel quantile regression and spatial Du model,this paper first explores the characteristics of China's domestic and foreign enterprises' innovation capability value chain spillover and spatial spillover. |
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