Research On Land-mining Conflict And Its Control In Coal City

Land resources and coal energy have always been the space bearing and cheap power in the process of China’s urban development for a long time, the coal city, which is abundant in these two resources, has produced 52.9 billion tons of raw coal accumulatively, accounted for 90% of the national total coal production, and has made historic contribution to build a complete industrial system and promote national economy in our country. However, coal cities always have problems of resources exploitation intensity, high land ravaged and regional land-mining conflict deteriorated because of mining. In view of this, facing coal city’s land-mining conflict objectively, this article has made a research framework for analyzing basic theories such as system, coordination, conflict and sustainable development thoroughly on the basis of reviewing literature; then based on the characteristic of land-mining conflict; grasp the evolution law of land-mine and economic development. Further more, the land-mining conflict should be controlled in three aspects which are macro demand, medium supply and micro control, methods like Kuznets curve, system dynamics, “3S” and the principle of space equilibrium are used to present strategy for solving the conflict. The main contents are as follows:Firstly, China’s land-mining conflict presents a regional differentiation characteristic and can be divided into four categories: land(farmland)-mining conflict, land(city)-mining conflict, mining-water conflict and mining-disaster conflict. There exists big difference between cognitive choice of the conflict caused by the different interests among public, coal mining enterprises and intermediary agencies, the utility value per unit land area transformed by underground coal mining is significantly lower than the average comprehensive value per unit of land resources in slow mining area boundary. Motivation analysis indicates that: city construction attached to mine is the priori reason of land-mining conflict, resource ownership segmentation is the system cause of land-mining conflict and control hysteresis in three-dimensional space is the root reason of land-mining conflict.Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the situation and reason of land-mining conflict in coal city, this paper puts land and coal resources into a unified theoretical framework and econometric model by making a system framework and conducting improvements on C-D production function. According to our researches, China’s urban economic development is at the stage of increasing returns to scale since 1978, Economic growth were mainly rely on the land and the labor factor, and land resources as an important driving factor of economic development is difficult to be replaced by capital and other factors; while coal consumption’s contribution to economic growth shows a negative effect gradually, which is more likely to be replaced by labor, capital and other alternative energy sources and other factors. Land has contributed more in coal city’s development, thus suggestion can be presented on the basis of sustainable development that the public policy on the macro level should focus more on coal consumption demand, production supply and differential control contribution factors.Thirdly, in order to solve this land-mining conflict on the macro demanding level, this paper presents a hypothesis on the perspective of controlling coal consumption based on the researches above, the relationship of economic development and the coal consumption presents the trend of Kuznets curve. According to our researches, China and Tianjin, Shanxi, Hebei and others 28 provinces’ economic development and consumption of coal is verified Kuznets curve(inverted "U" curve), and the decoupling point of coal consumption came in 2013-2014 in China. The developed provinces have been in speed decoupling or into the scale decoupling stage, Beijing and Shanghai will enter the scale decoupling point earlier. The rest of the provinces will be entered the stage of scale decoupling within 20-30 years. Thus forecast from now to 2020, China’s coal consumption regulation limit should not be more than 27.40×108 tons, of which the western region coal consumption regulation limit is 9.27×108 tons, the coal consumption regulation limit of eastern region is 8.41×108 tons, and the central region is 6.13×108 tons, the northeast region is minimum 3.59×108 tons.Fourthly, In order to solve this land-mining conflict on the medium supplying level, this paper integrates the mainstream of academic researches(population-land-food) and mineral development activities of the coal city(coal-land-economy) based on studying the carrying capacity of land, we focus on quantitative simulation of coal comprehensive bearing capacity of coal city and its evolvement role in order to seek the way of coordinated development on the medium level. According to our researches, coal resources exploitation and utilization of Wuhai city are based on the cost of land, destruction of cultivated land and pollution of environment, the "coordination mode" is the optimal development scheme for land-mining conflict regulation in Wuhai city. Under this scheme, the total population of Wuhai city in 2020 will be 0.6425 million, under the food and clothing consumption level the land can afford 0.7924 million people, and there will be 0.6511 million people under the well-off level of consumption, and 0.5125 million people in the lower level of rich consumption. That’s to say, along with the continuous development and utilization of coal resources, Wuhai city land bearing capacity can meet the population activity under the level of food and clothing, or under the well-off level of consumption in 2020.Finally, In order to solve this land-mining conflict on the micro regulating level, this paper focuses on land-mining conflict especially the overburdened resources so as to seeking three-dimensional control method for this contradiction on the micro level from the perspective of space optimization. According to our researches, the three-dimensional space of land-mining exists three boundaries and four control areas, the land area of each four control areas in Jining city land-mining conflict scope is 8.46 km2, 79.19 km2, 12.63 km2 and 26.88 km2 respectively, and that in Xuzhou is 0.185 km2、31.556 km2、15.735 km2和 24.480 km2 respectively. The current slow mining(limited constrution) within the boundaries of Jining city 87.65 km2(consisting of 68.93% in the total area of land-mine conflict) should give priority to construction overground and slow down the process of coal mining respondently with 633.4533 million tons of coal reserve underground. The rest of the region outside the slow mining border(with 39.51km2 of land area and 102.0135 million tons of coal reserve) should be encourged to exploit. And forbidden mining and the limit of mining area with its corresponding formation in Peixian, total area 31.74 km2, accounting for 44.11%, should give priority to constructed overground and control the coal mining underground, at the same time the rest of 40.22 km2, accourt for 55.89% of covered area, should give priority to support exploit mining underground.