| In order to bridge the technological gap between our country and the developed countries,China has been focusing on the introduction,digestion and absorption of foreign technologies.After decades of development,the technological level in our country has been greatly improved,but the large-scale technology introduction has also resulted in the loss of motivation for independent innovation due to our enterprises'over-reliance on foreign technologies.In order to reverse this situation and achieve real technology upgrade,the enterprises must follow the road of independent innovation.The enterprise's technology innovation cannot do without the role of human capital.Although the overall level of human capital in our country has been improved continuously,but its role in technology innovation is significantly weaker than that of physical capital,so it is an urgent problem how to improve the role of human capital on technology innovation and give full play to technology innovation capabilities of human capital.To solve this problem,this paper analyzes the mechanism of action of human capital on technology innovation by resorting to related theories of systematics.This paper carries out the research at the macro,micro and industrial level respectively from such three aspects as investment accumulation,structure configuration,and migration flow of human capital to explore the mechanism of action of human capital on technology innovation.In order to verify these mechanisms of action,this paper also empirically examines our country in these three aspects and draws some important conclusions.Firstly,this paper studies the mechanism of action of investment accumulation of human capital on technology innovation by resorting to technology ecology evolution theory.The technology ecology evolution theory holds that technology,similar to biological evolution,has heredity,mutation and natural selection functions,and evolution of technology is the result of technology gene comprised of underlying factors through heredity,mutation and natural selection.On the basis of the technology ecology evolutionary theory,this paper presents that the role of investment accumulation of human capital on technology evolution is mainly reflected in the replacement process of old and new technology genes,because the underlying factor of technology is technical knowledge,and heredity and mutation of technology gene is essentially the heredity and mutation of technical knowledge,which is specifically reflected in the inheritance and development of scientific laws,technology principles and other basic scientific theory knowledge.This process is,in essence,the process of investment accumulation and application of human capital,which explains the problem of technical innovation threshold of human capital.Then,this paper also points out that human capital accumulation reaching the threshold does not necessarily achieve technology innovation,because technology innovation not only involves the mutation of technology gene,but also includes change in technology phenotype.The mutation of technology gene only provides a phenotypic change possibility,while the phenotypic change is also affected by technological environment,ecological environment,natural selection mechanism and many other factors.Based on this analysis,this paper constructs the mechanism of action of human capital investment accumulation on technology innovation.Subsequently,this paper verifies this mechanism through empirical analysis of 12 years of related data taken from 29 provinces and municipalities in China,and also finds that at present,only the human capital in the eastern part of China produces a significant positive impact on technology innovation,and the impact of human capital on technology innovation in other parts has not come into its own;and even in the eastern part,the impact of high level human capital on technology innovation is also significantly weaker than that of low level human capital.Subsequently,switching to micro-enterprise perspective,this paper studies the mechanism of action of human capital structure configuration on enterprise technology innovation using the system theory of enterprise technology innovation.The system theory believes that the enterprise technology innovation activity is essentially a system,i.e.the enterprise technology innovation system,and the enterprise technology innovation process is reflected in the evolution process of the enterprise technology innovation system.Then,based on the connotation and composition analysis of the enterprise technology innovation system,this paper builds a new subsystem according to the research need—human capital subsystem,points out that the subsystem consists of such five human capital factors as entrepreneur type,technology innovation type,professional technology type,professional management type and general type,studies the mechanism of action of these factors and structure configuration between them on enterprise technology innovation system evolution,proposes the concept of human capital structure configuration rationality,and notes the important role of human capital structure configuration rationality on enterprise technology innovation.Subsequently,this paper verifies this mechanism of action through empirical study by using the survey data of China's manufacturing industry in 2012 by the World Bank,and also finds that the role of human capital structure configuration on technology innovation is stronger than accumulation level of human capital,but the human capital structure configuration rationality in our manufacturing enterprises is significantly low and unbalanced as well,with the maximum value of structure configuration rationality among the enterprises surveyed reaching 0.82,the minimum value only being 0.22,and the average value only being 0.39.Finally,switching to the research perspective of industrial level,this paper studies the mechanism of action of migration flows of human capital in industrial clusters on enterprise technology innovation by using innovation system theory of industrial clusters.This paper believes that the flow of human capital in industrial cluster will lead to knowledge spillover,while knowledge spillover will affect the cluster enterprise's technology innovation,therefore,the human capital flow is important for the enterprise technology innovation.Based on their relationship with the human capital flow,this paper divides cluster enterprises into directly and indirectly related enterprises,and the mechanism of action of human capital flow on them is different.It affects their technology innovation by affecting the human capital level and structure within the directly related enterprises;while for indirectly related enterprises,it promotes knowledge spillover,absorption,transformation and innovation by acting on the knowledge subsystem within the industrial cluster innovation system,and ultimately affects the technology innovation of indirectly related enterprise.This paper subsequently verifies this mechanism of action through empirical study by using the survey data of China's manufacturing industry in 2012 by the World Bank,and also finds that although the human capital flow has a significant positive impact on enterprise innovation within industrial clusters,the strength of this impact in our country is weak,with the empirical result being 0.0150825 only,indicating the human capital flow in our country has not been playing an important role in technology innovation.This paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures against the above analysis results finally. |
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