| Employment is not only the biggest livelihood of the people,but also the most basic support for economic development.As the main content and higher requirements of employment,employment quality is an important indicator reflecting the country’s comprehensive development level and economic prosperity.Facing current opportunities and challenges at home and abroad,the Chinese government attaches great importance to employment quality.The report of the 19 th National Congress pointed out: “adhere to the employment priority strategy and active employment policy to achieve higher quality and fuller employment.” As an indispensable and important part of skilled talent team in China,higher vocational college students are the perpetual driving force for promoting high-quality economic development.However,relevant data shows that there is a common phenomenon that low correlation between work and profession,low salary,high turnover rate and low employment satisfaction of students in vocational colleges.Higher vocational college students’ employment quality problems have seriously affected the realization of students’ self-worth,the sustainable development of enterprises and vocational education,even the entire country economy.Based on this background,this thesis takes employment quality of higher vocational college students as the research topic,and uses related theories in Management disciplines to focus on employment quality problems and countermeasures of higher vocational college students.Firstly,this thesis learns from the quality concept in Quality Management and reinterprets that employment quality of students in higher vocational colleges is the degree of satisfaction of the enterprises and students from the perspective of demand.It is comprehensive,dynamic,economical,and appropriate.According to the Total Quality Management Theory,the generation of employment quality of higher vocational college students is a dynamic process developing,including cultivation before graduation,job seeking at graduation and career development after graduation.With the aim of the interests of enterprises and students,the research framework is built based on three stages and systematic research is conducted.Secondly,cultivation stage is the basis of the generation of higher vocational college students’ employment quality.Vocational education is employment-oriented.Cultivation of talents in higher vocational colleges is the key factor determining employment quality level.Therefore,the cultivation stage is an indispensable and important stage in the generation process of employment quality of higher vocational college student.According to the analysis,the main reasons of the employment quality of higher vocational college students at this stage are mismatch between service supply of higher vocational colleges and demand of enterprises under the upgrade of industrial structure,and mismatch between employment ability cultivated higher vocational colleges and demand of students with advancement of technology.Constructing and cultivating the service dynamic ability of vocational colleges and students’ employability can make good interaction between higher vocational colleges and enterprises and students,make up for the lack of service supply function,supply high quality technical and skilled talents to meet dynamic demand of enterprises and students.Thirdly,job seeking stage is the key of the generation of higher vocational college students’ employment quality.The incomplete enterprise professional skills information screening mechanisms and the weak students’ professional skills signal cause serious professional skills information asymmetry between enterprises and students,which leads to low efficiency of matching students’ employability with salary.These are the main reasons for the employment quality problem of higher vocational college students at the stage.For these reasons,using the Principal-Agent theory,from the perspective of both the enterprise and the student,the two types of mechanisms including information screening and professional qualification certificate signal sending in the labor contract are designed.The results of utility analysis show that in the process of job seeking,enterprises first consider whether the professional skills of students meet the employment standards,and then consider the key capabilities.Designing different compensation in the contract can effectively avoid the professional skills information asymmetry and help enterprises select students with different employability so as to achieve a high degree of matching between employability and salary.In addition,the analysis results of the signaling mechanism confirm that the vocational qualification certificate can truly reflect the degree of professionalization of students in higher vocational colleges and the practical application of knowledge and technology.It is an effective means for higher vocational college students to highlight high skill levels and distinguish them from other talents,and plays an important role on capacity signal.Fourthly,career development stage is the main stage of the generation of higher vocational college students’ employment quality.On the one hand,in the later career development,the hidden professional competencies of students in higher vocational colleges is the potential human capital that the enterprises pay attention to in addition to the explicit employability,which directly affects the promotion of students’ positions,correlation between work and profession,and job satisfaction,etc.On the other hand,the career development space provided by enterprises is a powerful guarantee for higher vocational college students to achieve higher demand,and is an important basis for students to judge the quality of employment.However,it is difficult that the vocational competences of students meet enterprises and the career development space meets students,which restricts the improvement of employment quality.Based on this,this thesis clarifies that the three key elements of vocational competences of vocational college students are professional ethics,professional behavioral habits and professionalism,and explains the main content of the career development guarantee system including the fair promotion mechanism,regular on-the-job training,correct career views,perfect social employment security.For the above analysis and conclusions,this thesis proposes action paths to achieve high-quality employment of higher vocational college students.First of all,higher vocational colleges should cultivate their own perceived environmental capabilities,flexible decision-making capabilities and resource-reconstruction capabilities to meet the dynamic needs of enterprise services,and strengthen the cultivation of students’ information abilities,cross-border integration abilities,innovation and entrepreneurship abilities,and green skills.Secondly,in order to improve the matching efficiency of human resources in the market,enterprises should establish flexible compensation mechanisms,and the government should improve the vocational qualification certificate system,and higher vocational colleges should actively carry out employment guidance and cultivate students’ professional skills and key capabilities together.Thirdly,enterprises,higher vocational colleges and students should participate in the promotion of students’ vocational competences,establish a fair competition mechanism,hold diversified forms of vocational training,establish a correct employment concept,improve social employment security system,and further broaden the career development space of students.This thesis puts forward to improve,optimize and guarantee employment quality through management of each stage of the production process and satisfaction of both enterprises and students interests,and finally ensure the high-quality employment of students in higher vocational colleges. |
