Study On The Equity Of Higher Education Resources Allocation In India

The realization of social equality has always been the ideal and pursuit in the process of the development of human society.It is also an important guarantee for the country to achieve stability and rapid development.As an important component of social justice,educational equity is not only the embodiment and extension of social justice in the field of education,but also an important way and means to achieve social equity.At the same time,the main purpose of the country to promote "Belt and Road Initiative " strategy is jointly to build political mutual trust,economic win-win and cultural inclusive community of interests,the fate of the community and the community responsibility with the countries along the Belt and Road.Therefore,an important breakthrough is to strengthen exchanges and cooperation on the national culture education with the countries along The Belt and Road.As a big country of higher education along the Belt and Road,in recent years,India has entered a period of transition.The scale of higher education has entered a period of rapid development,and the institutions of higher education have diversified development trends.The rapid expansion of higher education and the lack of supporting conditions lead to the scarcity of higher education resources in India.In addition,the acceleration of social transformation makes the issue of fairness in the field of higher education in India be further manifested.The contradictions and conflicts related to higher education equity are increasing.The equity of higher education in India has attracted the attention of academic circles both at home and abroad.This paper takes the equity of higher education resource allocation as the research breakthrough point.By collecting large amounts of data and relevant documentation,this research adopts the method of quantitative research and qualitative research.Firstly,we comb the overall distribution of India higher education resources and the fair strategy in detail.And then,The article makes a descriptive analysis of unfair distribution of higher education resources in India from three dimensions:different states(districts),sexes and among castes.Lastly,we have discussed the relative reasons for unfair distribution of higher education resources in India.Based on the theory of the structure of social action and institutionalism as the theoretical basis,the cultural and institutional factors should be taken into consideration to analyze the action conditions of the distribution of higher education resources in India.This paper makes a concrete analysis of the equity of the distribution of higher education resources in India from three dimensions:different states(districts),sexes and among castes.We construct a framework of equity analysis of higher education in India based on the structure of social action.On the basis of combing the connotation of justice systematically,we put forward the basic criterion of the fair distribution of higher education resources.In this study,three basic criteria of order,equal rights,natural allocation,compensation and relief,are adopted.This paper analyzes and judges the policy and effectiveness of the government of India to promote the equitable distribution of higher education resources.In addition,the unfair status is regarded as the result of higher education resource allocation among castes,countries,between sexes.Results analysis and diachronic analysis were used in combination.This paper analyzes the relationship between the time and result of the distribution of higher education resources in India and the cultural,institutional and other factors,Supplemented by a small amount of horizontal comparison.At last,we sum up the achievements and experiences of India in promoting the equity of higher education resources distribution,and find out the problems and causes of India in promoting the equitable distribution of higher education resources.There are some findings:In promoting equity from the allocation of higher education resources among castes,the government of India has reserved 15%,7.5%and 27%higher education places for Scheduled Castes,Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes mainly through"Reservation policy".These policies of Indian government have important practical and symbolic significance in promoting higher education equity and social equity.It expresses the political and policy signals of the government’s efforts to protect the vulnerable caste groups,higher education rights and promote social equity.However,from the specific promotion and action effect,Caste system,policy system defect and political system have brought challenges to promote the allocation of higher education resources among castes,and hinder the realization of action effect.In the promotion of fair allocation of higher education resources between the sexes,there exist two modes in Indian higher education:extensive gender equality and intensive gender inequality.The situation is more significant among the backward classes.The Indian government has promoted the gender equality to some extent through formulating and implementing formal institutions based on laws and policies.However,the institution lock,which formed by old formal and informal institutions such as fragmentation of policies in education administration institution and patriarchal system for male preference,prevents the implementation effect of the formal institutions.In promoting equity from the allocation of higher education resources among states,the main reason for unfair distribution of higher education resources among states is the unbalanced economic development in India.Secondly,the decline of the financial transfer payment capability of the central government of India and the drawbacks of the management system of higher education in India have further exacerbated the dilemma of the equity allocation of higher education resources in different states.Although China and India have some differences in the political system,economic level,culture traditions and education level,but there is a need to focus on vulnerable groups in the field of higher education for the two countries,and here is a certain degree of unfairness in the process of higher education resource allocation.Judging from the reality,China and India both face many challenges in promoting the equity of higher education,especially in the allocation of higher education resources.The allocation of resources in Higher Education in China is quite different from that between urban and rural areas,between regions,between sexes,and among social strata.This difference sometimes shows many characteristics of imbalance and unfairness.The government of India has made great efforts in promoting the equitable distribution of higher education resources,and has made some progress.However,the higher education resources allocation in has shown obvious unfairness,between different states(districts),sexes and among castes.What’s more,they are interlaced with each other.Due to the influence of special quasi federal system and traditional caste system,India has been more difficult than China in the process of higher education resource allocation,including objective,means and choice of action.The complexity and complexity of the allocation of resources in Higher Education in India are partly similar to that of China.The measures,effects and difficulties of the India government in promoting equity in higher education and the allocation of higher education resources can bring some lessons and experience to China.Through the analysis of the three dimensions of unfair distribution of higher education resources in India,some useful inspirations can be obtained.The allocation of higher education resources is influenced by complex social structure,economic level and traditional culture.It has three principally aspects:(1)the higher education resource allocation model is largely affected by the government’s macro concept and policy;(2)politics,economy,culture and other factors have impact on the equity of higher education resource allocation;(3)the joint efforts of higher education resource allocation fairness requires multiple subject action.The fair distribution of higher education resources requires the concerted efforts of multiple actors.Therefore,It is necessary to rely on the joint impetus of the institutional system to guarantee the distribution equity of the higher education resources of the disadvantaged groups,including women.At the same time,To promote regional distribution of higher education resources,we need to develop the regional economy and enhance the ability of the central financial transfer payment.In the promotion of regional economic development,at the same time,on the one hand,we need to further increase the financial transfer payments and take into account the financial differences between local governments.And then we should increase the share of equilibrium transfer payment;On the other hand,we need to increase the transfer payment of specialized projects to promote equitable distribution of higher education resources,and give full play to the central government’s influence on the local government.