| As the highest level of the national education system,graduate education is the main way to cultivate high-level talents and release talent dividends.It is a key element in implementing innovation-driven development strategies and building innovative countries.As the primary virtue of the graduate education system,how to define the equity of graduate education,how to measure the equity of graduate education,and how to promote the equity of graduate education,this is related to the successful promotion of graduate education reform,the prosperity and development of national education,and the overall improvement of national competitiveness.In view of this,this study:based on justice theory,production theory and game theory,construct the theory of graduate education equity,which is the logical starting point;collect information and data of graduate education,measure the equity of graduate education in China,which is the core element;put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the equity of graduate education,which is the value goal.The main research contents and results are as follows:Firstly,the construction of graduate education equity theory.Including:(1)Graduate education equality,which is essentially equal opportunity for graduate education,and inequality of opportunity can be attributed to bias or discrimination based on the origin of candidates.(2)Effective graduate education,which is the optimal state of graduate education resource allocation,it has three main sources of technical change,pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change.(3)Graduate education equilibrium,which occurs when the demand for graduate education"output"equals supply,graduate education consumers and producers are agreeable,they are satisfied with this"product","expenditure"or"income".(4)Graduate education equity,which is a harmonious and unified state of equality,effectiveness and equilibrium.Equal opportunity is the basis and premise of equity,effective allocation is an important value orientation and means to achieve equity,growth equilibrium is the mission and goal.The principle system,the principle of equality,the principle of difference and the principle of compensation are the first,second and third principles respectively.Secondly,the empirical analysis of equal opportunities for graduate education.(1)Research design,establish the'"three enrollment dimension"analysis framework,the sample is "Double First-Class",Initiative Universities,the method is Sen's poverty index.(2)Research results,include that professional degree inequality is higher than academic degrees,full-time inequality is similar to part-time,and natural science inequality is more serious than humanities and social sciences.(3)Conclusion analysis,discrimination contributes less to opportunity inequality,and bias is the main reason for inequality;the main manifestation of the unequal opportunity is the lack of opportunity for the similar professional qualification,followed by the educational privilege formed by the candidates exempt from admission exam.Thirdly,the empirical analysis of effective allocation for graduate education.(1)Research design,establish a"three disciplinary field"analysis framework,the sample is"Double First-Class"Initiative Universities,the method is SE-DEA and Malmquist index.(2)Research results,shows that the comprehensive efficiency of humanities and social sciences is higher,productivity has decreased.The comprehensive allocation of natural sciences is effective,productivity has increased slightly.The overall allocation of humanities and social sciences and natural sciences is efficient,and productivity continues to rise.(3)Conclusion analysis,shows that comprehensive efficiency is"false efficiency"driven by insufficient input of resources,comprehensive inefficiency is"pure inefficiency"constrained by insufficient output and redundant input,productivity rise is"cyclical,intensive and extensive comprehensive increase"driven by technical progress,pure technical efficiency improvement and increasing returns to scale,and that productivity decline is "cyclical and normal comprehensive decline"caused by the decline of technology and pure technical efficiency.Fourthly,the empirical analysis of growth equilibrium for graduate education.(1)Research design,establish a "three disciplinary field" analysis framework,the sample is "Double First-Class" Initiative Universities,the method is Stochastic Frontier Analysis.(2)Research results,shows that the equilibrium of humanities and social sciences is low and the increase is obvious.The disequilibrium of natural sciences is serious and the improvement effect is limited.The overall disequilibrium between the humanities and social sciences and the natural sciences is high and the decline is small.(3)Conclusion analysis,the output of national science fund recipients and academic papers have a significant impact on income.Disequilibrium effects have a significant negative correlation with production factors and productivity changes.Expenditure and technical change have the greatest impact on the disequilibrium effect.Fifthly,the countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the equity of graduate education.(1)Strategies for achieving equal opportunities in graduate education:avoiding biased enrollment,adding universities that have the candidates who exempted from unified-examination;eliminating the concept of discrimination,and standardizing the admissions regulations of graduate enrollment.(2)Countermeasures to improve the efficiency of graduate education allocation:strengthen output orientation,control the excessive expansion of graduate education scale;improve scientific research facilities and improve the governance ability of graduate education.(3)Suggestions for achieving equilibrium growth of graduate education:attach importance to social services,ensure the excellent output supply of graduate education;strengthen funding input and reduce the gap of scientific research level in graduate education. |
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