| Human resource is a kind of resource,which is consistent with natural resources in essence and can be used as a factor of production.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,Northeast China had formed a strong geographical advantage due to its good natural resources and high-quality industrial base,which has attracted a large number of planned and spontaneous immigrants.Before 1980 s,the growth rate of population in the northeast region was higher than the national average for a long time.The quantity and quality of human resources in the region had been significantly improved,and the structure of human resources is conducive to promoting economic development.However,after the Reform and Opening,the advantages of Northeast China weakened,and the human resources were facing the dilemma of quantity,quality and structure,which further restricted the regional economic development.In early the 21 st century,the number of immigrants from Northeast China had increased,the fertility rate had decreased,the total population had decreased,and the proportion of population in the whole country had declined.Because of these,the proportion of human resources in Northeast China had also declined in recent years.Education and health condition can reflect the quality level of human resources in Northeast China.The basic quality of human resources in Northeast China was good and the level of education is fine,but the R&D personnel owned by enterprises are obviously insufficient,and the utilization efficiency of human resources needed to be improved.The health level of human resources in Northeast China had made some progress than before.The change of the age structure of human resources confirmedthe reality of the aging of society and labor force in Northeast China.Under the inertia of the existing population growth,the aging problem of human resources in Northeast China would continue to exist.Taking a look at the performance of human resources in Northeast China in terms of industry,the proportion of employed personnel in Northeast China's primary industry continued to decrease in recent years.On the one hand,it came from the adjustment of industrial structure,on the other hand,it came from the transfer of labor force brought about by the process of urbanization.The process of urbanization in Northeast China started earlier in the whole country,and the level of urbanization has been ranked first in China,which leads to the urban-rural structure of human resources to promote the development of secondary and tertiary industries.Northeast China attaches great importance to the development of human resources,and has made certain achievements in education,health and unemployment.Northeast China established an industrial system based on heavy chemical industry at an earlier time.The status of the industrial base was established and the industrial structure was characterized by simplification.After the Reform and Opening,the northeast region has developed quickly.However,the highly centralized heavy industry system hindered the balanced development of industrial economy,and the backwardness of agriculture and service industry increased the resistance of economic development.There was a concept named Northeast phenomenon,which contained problems such as enterprises loss,unsalable products,laid-off workers and so on.At the beginning of the 21 st century,the state implemented the Northeast Revival Stratege.Northeast China had entered a decade of rapid economic development,and had become the fastest growing region in the country.However,there are many hidden dangers in the economic growth of Northeast China.Around2013,the northeast economic data suddenly fell,and the New Northeast phenomenon appeared.In 2016,the Chinese government issued A New Round of Northeast Revival Stratege,the release of relevant policy dividends led to theNortheast region's economy rising again.Through the empirical study on the impact of human resources on economic growth in Northeast China from 1997 to 2015,it was found that there was a correlation between human resources development activities in education and health and economic growth in Northeast China.There was a positive long-term equilibrium relationship between education expenditure and GDP,and a negative long-term equilibrium relationship between health expenditure and GDP.In the empirical analysis of the relationship between human resource development and economic growth in Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces from 1997 to 2015,it was found that there was a positive long-term equilibrium relationship between education expenditure and GDP in Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces,while there was a negative relationship between medical and health expenditure and GDP.There was a negative long-term equilibrium relationship between education expenditure and GDP in Jilin Province,while there was a positive long-term equilibrium relationship between medical and health expenditure and GDP.There are some prominent problems in the economic development of Northeast China,especially in terms of industrial structure.First of all,the economic development model of Northeast China reliesd on traditional industries,the proportion of heavy and chemical industries was still very large,resource depletion and overcapacity occurred simultaneously.Secondly,the industrial chain in Northeast China was low-end,the industrial chain was relatively short,lacking of deep processing products.These resulted to low value-added products and enterprise profits in this area.Thirdly,the development of new industries in Northeast China was relatively lagging behind.Whether from the production scale and innovation capacity,or from the input of various factors,the gap was relatively large compared with other developed areas in China.In addition,the slow transformation of government functions in Northeast China was a fundamental factor to drag the development of regional economy.Looking for the constraints of economic development in Northeast China from the perspective of human resources,we can see that the lack of human resources and the imbalance of human resources structure have hindered economic development.Further,the lack of human resources in Northeast China was essentially a defect in the mechanism of human resources development.Human resources were the endogenous driving force of economic development.Northeast China needed to vigorously promote the human resources supply,deepen the reform of human resources,stimulate the advantages of human resources,and strengthen the supply of high-quality talents.In terms of human resources allocation,Northeast China should promote the flexible development of human resources allocation from the aspects of optimizing the docking channels of employment posts,perfecting the flow system of human resources,deepening the integration of regional human resources market and so on.The overall revitalization of the northeast region needs in-depth exploration of institutional reform,with a view to eradicating the path dependence on the planned economic system,strengthening the scientific nature of industrial restructuring,and promoting the integrated development of the business environment in the northeast region,and integrate the The Belt and Road approach and the supply side reform. |
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