Research On Land Thoughts Of The School Of Land Administration (1933-1949)

The Land Economics School in the republic of China was founded in 1933,integrating the highest level of the land reform academic group and the national economic construction think tank,which is one of the important academic schools in the modern history of China.The land scholarship and thought of the Land Economics School lived in the mainstream and central position in the society at that time,and had a wide and profound impact on the development of the land economics of the Republic of China and the formulation of the Kuomintang government'^land policy.At present,there are very few studies on the Land Economics School in the academic circles,which is far from the academic influence and status of the school at that time.On the basis of extensive collection of various original literatures on the land administration school,this paper systematically investigates the activities and ideas of the Land Economics School in order to broaden the research on the history of modern land thoughts.At the same time,clarify the logic of the national government's policy evolution on the land system.Since the Republic of China,many factors such as regime change,warlord warfare,and invasion by foreign enemies have led to political turmoil,but at the same time,they have stimulated the enthusiasm of all sectors of society to explore the road of national development,forming an active cultural atmosphere of open mind and academic freedom.It has become a crucial period for the turning of economic thought.The land issue in this period was the central content of the bourgeois-democratic revolution,and it is the key to the transformation of feudal agricultural society to modern industrial society.Therefore,various land ideas began to emerge.Under the instigation of Chiang Kai-shek,Chinese Association of Land Economics was initiated by Xiao Zheng in 1933.The association gathered the experts and scholars who studied land issues and the leaders who actually engaged in land administration at the time.Chinese Association of Land Economics was the official organization of the early period of the Land Economics School,which also marked the official formation of the School of Land Administration during the Republic of China.In 1947,in order to attract more social personages and farmers,Xiao Zheng established the China land reform association,which is a social group to reach the public and promote the development of land reform.From then on to 1949,the Land Economics School entered the stage of two sessions of Chinese Association of Land Economics land administration and Chinese Land Reform Association.Guided by Sun Yat-sen's thought of "average land rights",with Henry George's"single tax" theory and Damaschke's land reform theory as practical references,the Land Economics School,under the guidance of the purpose of" researching land issues and promoting land reform",carried out specific theoretical elaboration and policy design for the government of the Republic of China to implement land system reform.The main academic activities of the Land Economics School include the publication of periodicals such as Lands Monthly and People and Land.These activities also include the publication of land economics,and the translation of foreign land doctrine.The successive annual meetings of the Land Economics School closely combined with the current political situation,and discussed and formed resolutions on the most urgent land issues,thereby influencing the policies of the government authorities and promoting changes in the concept of the people's land.At the same time,the Land Economics School actively organized the education of the local government.It has successively relied on the Institute of Land Chinese Economics,the Institute of Land Economics,and the Private School of Business Law to train a large number of local government personnel for the implementation of land reform by for the government of the Republic of China.Through the excavation of relevant materials of the Land Economics School,this paper systematically sorts out the basic content of the Land Economics School,and extracts the land reform theory of the Land Economics School.The basic theory is the average land rights,the main line of policy is land finance,and the supporting design is modern land management.Taking these three levels as the main line of land thought,the Land Economics School has designed the overall land system during the Republic of China.The evolution of the land thoughts of the Land Economics School has a distinctive characteristics of the compulsory land system change based on the induced land system change.The land thought of the Land Economics School is to follow the trend of thought of controlling economy and solve the unification of land system with government leading.However,in the practice of land reform of the government of the Republic of China,the compulsory land system changes gradually deviated from the induced land change basis.The land thoughts and system claims of the LandEconomics School have to be realized in the form of compromise,which seriously restricts the value of land reform.This paper makes a comparative study of the Chinese and foreign land theories in the same period of the Land Economics School.The land reform plan designed by the Chinese Communist Party for the purpose of overthrowing the existing social system and production relations,and the land reform plan designed by the Land Economics School for the government of the Republic of China is the path of seeking agricultural development within the framework of existing political and economic systems.This is determined by the background of the political parties,the economic analysis paradigm,the adaptation to the economic stage,and the economic goals.Compared with the land reform undertakings of various countries in the world,the land reform theory of the land administration school also conforms to the general trend of land reform since the establishment and development of capitalism.First,it imposes restrictions on the scope of private ownership of land.Second,support farmers to acquire land to promote the policy of letting every farmer have land.As an important organization in the land scholarship of the Republic of China,the Land Economics School has prospered the land research cause of the Republic of China.Although the land thoughts of the land administration school have been interfered by many practical problems in the process of transforming into the land system and have not achieved the expected practical effects,they have been put into practice to a certain extent under certain historical conditions.Especially after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the land ideology of the Land Economics School has achieved remarkable results in promoting the land reform of the Taiwan provincial government.This shows that under certain historical periods and conditions,and its ideological connotation has important reference and enlightenment significance for the development of China's current land system.