A Study Of Rumor Refutation By Multiple Subjects In Disaster Events From The Perspective Of Collaborative Governance

In disaster events,the social environment is full of rumors,which causes anxiety and fear,interferes with the progress of relief efforts and reconstruction,reduces social credibility,and even increase the risk of secondary disasters.It is very important to carry out the action of refuting rumors in time and effectively for the social governance of disaster events.In the era of social media,the rumor refutation which depends only on the government or the media shows many problems,such as slow speed,low credibility,difficulty,weak ability and incomplete information.Multiple subjects participation in rumor refutation can make up for the defects of single subject,the rise of social media provides convenient conditions,and rumor refutation is in line with the interests of all social subjects,so multiple subjects participation in rumor refutation is imperative.Therefore,this study focuses on the rumor refutation by multiple subjects in disaster events,and clarifies the roles of multiple subjects by investigating the composition of subjects,analyzing the discourse production and effect of the rumor refutation,so as to guide the construction of collaborative rumor refutation mechanism,improve the efficiency of rumor refutation,enhance the effect of rumor refutation in disaster events,maintain a clear public opinion space and make the society stable.This study focuses on the rumor refutation by multiple subjects from the perspective of collaborative governance,expands the perspective of single subject,complements the research scope of collaborative governance,and endows the research field with certain innovation.Based on the original micro-blog text of rumor refutation and the comment text below,this paper comprehensively uses content analysis,corpus and discourse analysis.Based on the research idea of "who is refuting rumors?”--"how to refute rumors"--"what effect will be produced",this study analyzes how multiple subjects refute rumors and what effect will they produce,what the role of multiple subjectsplay in the action of rumor refutation from the perspective of collaborative governance theory,and then put forward the suggestions of optimizing the mechanism of collaborative rumor refutation.This study focuses on the issue of "who is refuting rumors",and finds that the subjects of rumor refutation are widely distributed.The governments,the official media,the unofficial media,the individuals,the authenticated users,the enterprises and the organizations are all actively involved in the action of rumor refutation.The number of original micro-blogs of rumor refutation and the dynamic changes of the number show that the government subject is the core leader of the rumor refuting action.Under the guidance of the government as the core leader,the multiple subjects actively participate in the rumor refuting action under the promotion of political identity,public interest,benefit of the subject,pro-social and altruistic behavior.On the issue of "how to refute rumors" by multiple subjects in disasters,the research is carried out from two aspects: object and strategy.In terms of the object of rumor refutation,the research finds that the common individual subjects and the authenticated users are more active in man-made accidents,while the other subjects do not show obvious disaster type bias;all types of subjects have the same tendency in rumor types.In terms of the strategy of refuting rumors,the study finds that the individual subject uses emotion strategy based on moral justice position;the government subject,enterprise and organization subject use persuasive skills of clarifying the misinformation of rumors;the official media subject refutes rumors by establishing a binary opposition matrix between rumormongers and rumor refuters;the authenticated user emphasizes reasoning proof by reprocessing the known information;the unofficial media subject explains the information of rumor refutation in detail by quoting experts.On the issue of "what effect will be produced",This paper studies the effect of the rumor refutation from two aspects: the spreading power and the receiving effect.In terms of the spreading power,the unofficial media and the authenticated users have a strong ability of spreading the information of rumor refutation,because the unofficial media own the platform properties,and the authenticated users have a large fan base and have the speech expression suitable for communication with the public.In terms of the receiving effect,the study finds that the acceptance of micro-blogs of rumor refutation from the official media and the unofficial media is the worst.Among them,the comments below the official media’s micro-blogs of rumor refutation express their distrust of the official media through the framework of being skeptical,and deny the legitimacy of the official media’s refutation of rumors through fighting for the right to define rumors;the comments below the unofficial media’s micro-blogs of rumor refutation express their distrust of the unofficial media through the framework of emotion,and require the unofficial media provide more detailed and comprehensive information through the framework of truth.The acceptance effect of the government’s micro-blogs of rumor refutation needs to be improved.The comments below the government’s micro-blogs of rumor refutation express their dissatisfaction with the official refutation action through the framework of ironies and the framework of information vacancy.The authenticating user subject and the individual subject have the highest acceptance of micro-blogs of rumor refutation.The comments below micro-blogs of rumor refutation express their deep recognition to the authenticating user and the individual subject through the attitude framework of trust and the construction of the opposite relationship between "we" and "them".Through sorting out a series of problems such as "who is refuting the rumors","how to refute rumors" and "what effect has been produced",this paper finally describes the role of multiple subjects in rumor refutation.The government subject is the core force in the action of rumor refutation in disaster events.The individual subject is the disseminator of emotional information of rumor refutation.The authenticating user subject is the rational disseminator of information of rumorrefutation.The official media subject is the aggregator of information of rumor refutation and the alerter of rumors.The unofficial media is the professional interpreter of information of rumor refutation.The enterprise and organization subject is the supplement of information of rumor refutation.However,in the process of refuting rumors in disaster events,some problems still affect the effect of refuting rumors: weak communication power of individual subject,lack of motivation for refuting rumors;poor acceptance effect and lack of credibility of official media subject;in the context of "post truth",the difficulty of truth construction interferes the information dissemination of rumor refutation.On the basis of the roles of multiple subjects in the disaster events,the study puts forward the suggestions of collaborative rumor refutation in view of the dilemma of rumor refutation in the disaster events.The research shows that: first,according to the motility of multiple subjects,we should build a common goal of collaborative rumor refutation;second,integrate the information of rumor refutation from multiple subjects and improve the allocation of information resources;third,according to the roles of different subjects,we should improve the rumor refuting mechanism of multiple subjects in disaster events,so as to enhance the effect of rumor refutation and improve the efficiency of rumor refutation in an all-round way.