On Marx’s View Of The State

The revolution of Marx’s view of the state is based on his philosophical revolution.Marx’s view of the state is fundamentally consistent with Marx’s view of history.It is the historical view which expresses theoretically on political and state issues.It is the new historical materialism which scientifically explains the state’s origin and nature,its different types and historical evolution,the duality and basis of its function,and its final demise.Without Marx’s view of history,the understanding of the view of the state will not only inevitably be confused and puzzled,but also fall into the mud of the idealism and even the old materialism,and can not extricate themselves.Marx’s view of the state has gone through a transition phase from Hegelianism to Marxism.In this transitional period,Marx,by means of the fundamental principle of Feuerbach’s materialism and the method of subject of the reverse,firstly criticized the mysticism of the Hegelian national view,then pointed out that the state did not determine civil society and family,which was the real foundation of the state.Under the influence of both Hegel’s deep dissolution of civil society and hardships of social practice,Marx began to shift from political criticism to civil society criticism,thus finding the real path to overcome the secession between civil society and political state.Marx revealed that the development and progress of productive forces caused clan society’s division and disintegration,then the reconciled class contradiction gave rise to the state.Therefore,the essence of state was a instrument for class rule.Marx pointed out that the state was a superficial power over society,so it also had social attributes.The state turned out to be the unity of class nature and sociality,in which class nature was the fundamental attribute of state,determined the nature of state,but social attribute of state,inherited from clan society,was in a subordinate position.According to its dual attribute,Marx demonstrated the state’s political domination and social management function.The state’s political domination function was an extension of its essence,or its essence presented by its function,and thus determined by its class nature.Its social management function was a performance of maintaining social order with public power,or its public power presented by its function.Marx argued that the state’s public power did serve but not constitute its essence.He insisted on the unity of its political domination function and social management function.The revolution of Marx’s view of state distinctly shows itself in having demonstrated the inevitability of state’s demise.On the basis of exploring the basic laws of development of capitalist social movement,Marx pointed out that the demise of bourgeoisie and the victory of proletariat are equally inevitable.He believes that the root cause of state’s demise is the development of productive forces,the economic base of the demise is a highly developed communist state,and the way of the demise is self-perpetuating.Marx not only regarded the proletarian dictatorship as the transitional stage of the demise,but also concretely analyzed that the economic basis of proletarian dictatorship is the social public ownership of the means of production.Its political form is social republic,and its future development is the realization of the free association body.The Marx’s view of state contains some revolutionary ideas that are not always understood,even misunderstood or distorted by people as well as the required revolutionary actions.But this does not obscure its deeply ideological light and practical value.Its theoretical value is manifested in both its profound analysis of the essence of capitalist state and its responses of new challenges posed by the new development of capitalist society.Its practical value is that it has profoundly changed the history of world,become the guiding ideology of building a socialist country with Chinese characteristics,and been leading China’s political reform and development.