A Study Of Medical Vocabulary Exegesis In "Tongya"

BackgroundExegesis of vocabulary of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of Chinese medicine literature.The exegetical work of TCM vocabulary has a considerable scale,but the corresponding exegetical research is relatively few,mainly mentioned on the basis of exegetical work,which needs consciously in-depth and systematic research to guide the exegetical work of TCM vocabulary more effectively.As an exegetical monograph,Tongya is Fang Yizhi's longest masterpiece,which is also a masterpiece of textual research in Ming Dynasty.Compared with the traditional exegetical monograph,the most prominent feature of Tongya is that it attaches great importance to the textual research of the meaning of words.A large number of medical vocabulary is contained in this book,in which the corresponding exegesis materials are rich,the textual research is detailed,and the content is broad.For the current relatively weak research work of TCM vocabulary exegesis it has great material value.ObjectiveFirstly,to summarize the characteristics,achievements and limitations of medical vocabulary exegesis in Tongya by Fang Yizhi,so as to provide materials for the history of exegesis;Secondly,to clarify the concepts from linguistics,philology and other related interdisciplinary subjects,which provide the conceptual basis for the development of the Chinese Exegetics;Thirdly,combined with the theories of contemporary lexicology,cognitive linguistics and other related disciplines,to analyze the relevant concepts,theories and methods after the specific phenomenon of TCM vocabulary exegesis,so as to provide cognitive inspiration and practical guidance for the contemporary TCM vocabulary exegesis work and research.MaterialsIn this study,we set up "entry" as the basic unit to sort out the materials.The statistical work of "entries" is based on 24 subjects of the text of Tongya.In the materials of medical vocabulary exegesis in Tongya,there are 382 medical entries and 791 words explained.Because of the difference of the standard of selecting words,it is divided into two parts:the herbal entries and the non-herbal entries.About the herbal entries,there are 295 entries and 617 words in terms of the words explained.About the non-herbal entries,there are 87 entries and 174 words in terms of the words explained.MethodsTheoretical analysis:to apply the theory of exegesis to the scientific analysis of exegetical materials,and to summarize the different exegetical topics in the exegetical materials.Statistical induction:to make exhaustive statistics and induction on the relevant materials of different exegesis topics,and to summarize the contents and characteristics of each topic.Example analysis method:to cite typical examples to make specific statements and analysis on each topic summarized in the exegesis materials.Phenomenological analysis:to observe and extract the special phenomena in the work of exegesis,and to analyze it with the help of the theories of semantics,cognitive linguistics and other related disciplines.Results1 Study of explanationResearch on the words explained:about the general situation of words explained,from the perspective of content,the herbal words has the largest amount,followed by the human body and disease words.From the perspective of scope of use,there are more general words.From the perspective of distribution,there is no obvious systematicness of medical theory among words.About the aggregation of related words,with regard to the complicated meaning of the herbal words,FangYizhi gathers the related words from the origin of the explained words by the relevance of the attributes of herbs or the relationship of the same herb,and distinguishes their similarities and differences,so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing features and systematic cognition in the aggregation of related things.The study of expository sentences:they can be divided into herbal terms and non-herbal terms.About the herbal terms,according to the objects of the explanation,there are two kinds of explanation:word meaning explanation and name explanation.Word meaning explanation can be divided into direct explanation and definition,name explanation can be divided into explanation by different names and explanation by the meaning of name.About the non-herbal terms,according to the object of the explanation,they can be divided into two parts:the onefold explanation and the multi-angle explanation.The onefold explanation can be divided into direct explanation and definition,the multi-angle explanation can be divided into the explanation by character form and the explanation by word-making.2 Study of textual word researchResearch on textual research methods:firstly,textual research methods are divided into literature research and field investigation.The methods of textual research of literature includes three aspects:the correlation between the grapheme and the meaning,the correlation between the pronunciation and the meaning,the correlation between the meanings.About the correlation between the character form and the meaning,it's the arrangement of variant Chinese characters and Seeking Meaning from Grapheme.About the correlation between the pronunciation and the meaning,it's the aggregation of paronym and the identification of the phonetic loan characters.About the correlation between the meanings,it's the extension and inference,the analysis of morpheme,the corroboration from the literature and the basis from conventional annotation.Research on the phenomenon of textual research:the metaphorical cognitive model of TCM vocabulary determines the characteristics of TCM word meaning,furthermore determines the method of textual research,and finally forms the textual research phenomenon above.Conclusions1 Study of explanationResearch on the words explained:in the medical vocabulary exegesis work of Tongya,the aggregation of words is an important supplement for explaining the meaning of words from the perspective of single words.Research on expository sentences:its exegesis objects are various,the objective meaning of the word playing a main role,then the etymology,meaning of name,etc About exegesis method,the direct explanation plays a main role,then comes the definition.About the method of definition,the definition type plays a main role,supplemented by the description type and the explanation type;the use of terminology shows a certain regularity,but does not constitute a strict rules.2 Study of textual word researchThe value of textual research can be attributed to two kinds of spirits:skepticism and positivism.The spirit of skepticism runs through Fang's word meaning research.The spirit of positivism is mainly implemented in two aspects:the materials and research methods.The limitation of textual research can be attributed to the limitation of form and content.In terms of the form,it is mainly manifested in the random form of quotations and the random form of argumentation.In terms of the content,although Fang emphasizes the spirit of positivism and tries his best to implement it,there are still some deficiencies in listing evidence and reasoning.Research on the phenomenon of textual research:first of all,in the process of exegetical work,the different cognitive models bring about the evolution of medical word meaning.One of the most important points of current exegetical work is to reveal the cognitive model of the word in form;second,in the process of exegetical study,we can try to introduce the theories of contemporary disciplines such as semantics and cognitive science as tools to study the internal meaning and cognitive process of the word and explore the reasons for the unclear meaning of the words and the corresponding methods of exegetical research,so as to guide us to inherit and develop the traditional exegetical work more explicitly.