| The Chinese medical science has a distant source and a long stream.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theories based on Yin Yang and five elements theory are broad and profound,that has successfully guided clinical treatments for thousands of years.The academic succession of TCM theories has continued for a long time,and never been broken off.However,compared to the integrated principles system of TCM prescription and treatments,the Chinese medical dosage theories have not been summarized and systemized.This makes the TCM dosage-effect relationship studies fall behind of the western medicine.Too many influencing factors which are mutually related and interplayed make the TCM dosage-effect relationship studies face tremendous difficult problems and great challenges,that has become the restriction of the innovation of TCM theories.Shanghan Zabing Lun(Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Other Diseases)written by Zhang Zhong-jing with strict formulation and precise prescription was looked upon as the progenitor of prescription books and was called "classical prescriptions"best-known by afterworld.The study on dosage rules of commonly used herbal drugs in classical prescriptions is very important to study on TCM dosage effect relationship theories.However,the first question needed to answer is that what the original dosage of classical prescription is.Since the conclusion "one Liang in Donghan dynasty approximated 15.625g in the present age" according to the "Guanghe Da Sinong Cuprum Counterweight" was promulgated in the eighties last century,a new upsurge of the textual research has emerged.All kinds of research methods and research conclusions are teeming one after another which can't be obtained consistency in a short time.For the dosage ranges of many herb drugs in national pharmacopoeia of China and Japan are closely related to "one Liang in Donghan dynasty approximated 1.42g in the present age" put forward by Nihon Igaku Ko sho haTherefore,the main objective of this dissertation is to find the dosage range of the commonly used Chinese drugs in classical prescription by Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages,to find the evolution of dosage of commonly used herbs in classical prescription from China to Japan,to summarize the characteristics and features and control strategies of Chinese medication usage in clinical practice by Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages.1 Objective(1)Choosing fifty commonly used Chinese drugs in Shanghan Zabing Lun(Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Other Diseases),studying the clinical dosage rules and features of doctors' using Chinese medicine,including common dosage range,average dosage,the most frequently used dosage,and the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage(2)Calculating the dosage ranges of 50 commonly used Chinese drugs in Shanghan Zabing Lun(Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Other Diseases)according to the conclusion that one Ling in Donghan dynasty approximated 13.8g,studying the comparison with the dosage range by Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages,in order to prove that whether the dosage conver standard is close to "one Liang in Donghan dynasty approximated 1.42g in the present age"proposed by Nihon Igaku Ko sho ha.(3)Calculating the common dosage ranges of 50 commonly used Chinese drugs,in comparison to the dosage ranges in national pharmacopoeia of China and Japan summarizing the differences between the doctors' using Chinese drugs by Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages and contemporary time.2 Results(1)used Chinese drugs chosen by studying team are the research objects,while the research contents are thirty-Six books published by Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages.The dosage features of the fifty Chinese drugs will be studied,including the average dosage,the common dosage range,the most frequently used dosage,and the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage.The thirteen books will be studied is listed as follows:Wakeyasho(by Nakarai Meishin),Iryoshuhokiku(by Manase Dozan)Igakutenseiki(by Manase gensaku),Genchihoko(by Okamoto Genchi),Ihokuketsushu(by Nagasawa Doju),Ihomonyo(by Nagoya Geni),Kitayamaian(by Kitayama Yushoshi),Gyuzanhoko(by Kazuki Gyuzan),Tosoankahokuge(by Kitao Shunpo),Koseishigenshisanron/Koseisanronyoku/Kagawahokoku(by Kagawa Genetsu),Hoki(by Yoshimasu Todo),Ryotichatan/Ryotikeikenhikki(by Tsuda Gensen),Wadataianhoukan/Dosuisagen(by Wada Tokaku),Seinosatan/Seikendotiken(by Katakura Kakuryo),Kikihoki/Sokeiguki/Toridegusa/Sokei(eiijishogen(by Hara Nanyo),Koseihoyogei(by Arimoti Keiri),Shokahousen/Gekashinsho/Sankasagen/Seinohiroku/Shunrinkensatsuyohosen(by Hanaoka Seishu),Ruijuhokogi(by Odaiyodo),Yokahiroku/Naikahiroku(by Honma soken),Kampotiryokakuron(by Kimura Chokyu),Nokanigaku(by Yumoto Kyushin),Kamponotokushitsu(by Otsuka Keisetu),Kamporinshotiken(by Yakazu Domei).(2)through the Excel table processing function and basic statistical methods including,standard deviation,variance,dispersion,arithmetic mean and so on,obtain the occurrence frequency,the common dosage range,the average dosage,the most frequently used dosage,and the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage of the fifty Chinese drugs.The common dosage range is calculated by percentile method PX=L+i/fx[n.X%-?fL],which is described by the range of[P25?P75].3 Methodthe result of the study will be discussed separated into two parts.The main results are as follows:(1)The common dosage range,the average,the most frequently used dosage,and the distribution extent from the minimum to the maximal dosage of the fifty Chinese drugs in Shanghan Zabing Lun(Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Other Diseases)are all higher than that in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages and contemporary time.Taking the most frequently used dosage for example,the dosage of nine herb drugs in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages is lower than ten percent of the dosage in Donghan dynasty.(2)The dosage of common Chinese drugs in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages is mainly distributed in from one tenth to one third of the dosage of common Chinese drugs in Zhong-jing ages."One Liang in Donghan dynasty approximated 1.42g in the present age"proposed by Nihon Igaku Ko sho ha is equivalent to one-tenth of dosage of Chinese drugs in Zhong-jing's prescription,and this dosage convert standard is on the high side in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages.(3)The dosage ranges of the fifty commonly used drugs in Chinese and japan national pharmacopoeia are close to the dosage ranges of these drugs in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages.Except Huangqi,Dahuang,Shigao,Muli etc.the dosage of the other Chinese drugs in fifty in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages is at close range of drugs in Chinese and japan national pharmacopoeia4 Analysis&Discussion(1)The turning point of the sharp decline of the dosage of Japanese Kampo prescriptions.Each school has its own standards.Compared with Zhongjing,the average value of Goseha is 1/4 of the total amount of Zhongjing.The average value of Kohoha is 1/10?6 of the total amount of Zhongjing.The average value of Secchuha is 1/6?3 of the total amount of Zhongjing.The average value of modern school is 1/13?11 of the total amount of Zhongjing.The dosage of Chinese medicine in Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages was a step-by-step reduction.The turning point of dosage reduction of Japanese Kampo doctors of all ages was the emergence of the Goseha,the Kohoha and the modern school.(2)From the change of School of thought and the reason of low dose in Japan.Goseha were influenced by the Ming Dynasty,and the dosage was reduced to 1/4 of Zhongjing.The Kohoha received the ancient style of study,and the dosage was reduced to 1/10-6 of Zhongjing.Koshoha advocates the correctness of "Shennong scale",and puts forward that the original dose of classical prescriptions is "One Liang in Donghan dynasty approximated 1.42g in the present age",1/10 of Zhongjing's dose.The Compromise school was influenced by Goseha,Kohoha and Koshoha,The clinical dosage was 1/6?3 of Zhongjing's.The modern dose is 1/13?11 of Zhongjing's.Among the 294 prescriptions in the national pharmacopoeia of Japan,there are 93 prescriptions in Shanghan Zabing Lun(Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Other Diseases),Their conversion ratio is 1 liang?1.25g,which is close to the result of 1 Liang and 1.42g obtained by the research group and about 1/11 of Zhongjing dose.(3)The effectiveness of small dose in Japan can be proved from two aspects of literature and clinical research.The premise is to take it for a long time.If the patient is suffering from a serious acute disease,he needs to take a large dose.(4)Through the comparison of the research results of the original dose and the clinical dosage of Jingfang,it is found that only the textual research school and the clinical research of Zhongjing dose are combined,while the later generations,the ancient school and the modern Chinese doctors consider the original dose of Jingfang and the clinical dosage separately,and do not pursue the application of the ancient dose to the contemporary. |
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