| Aging health is an important part of social medicine and health management in the new era.Pension service is not only an important part of China's health service,but also an important component of China and its regional economy.It is an important goal of China's health management in the new era to actively respond to the aging,reasonably and effectively allocate pension resources and improve the quality of pension services,which is also the core of the sustainable and healthy development of pension services industry.Institutional pension to meet the needs of centralized care and health maintenance for the elderly is the main component of China's multi-level and high-quality pension service system construction,and also the key area of China's health management in the new era.Resources are the basis of development,and the allocation of resources in pension institutions is an important issue related to the sustainable and healthy development of pension services.The resource allocation of pension institutions is an important channel to promote the supply side reform of China's pension industry and improve the development of public health for the aged.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to provide empirical reference for optimizing the allocation of pension resources and formulating healthy aging policies in Changchun,by analyzing status of the allocation of pension resources,exploring the allocation efficiency and influencing factors of pension resources allocation.So this study will focus on the following problems:first,to fully understand the current situation of resource allocation of Changchun pension institutions and compare the differences with the resource allocation standards;second,to evaluate the efficiency of resource allocation of Changchun pension institutions and explore the key factors affecting the allocation efficiency;third,to explore the key to optimize the resource allocation of pension institutions under the background of improving the quality and efficiency of pension institutions.Finally,according to the research and analysis of the above problems,from the perspective of optimizing the allocation of resources to contermeasures and suggestions are put forward to further promote the sustainable,rapid and healthy development of pension institutions in Changchun.Methods283 pension institutions in Changchun were investigated by questionnaires,to evaluate the status of their allocations of material,human and financial resources.Based on the constructed output-output index system,DEA method was used to evaluate the resource allocation efficiency of pension institutions,K-means clustering was used to classify the resource allocation efficiency,and Tobit regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of resource allocation efficiency.The in-depth interview method was used to collect information on the optimization of resource allocation in pension institutions and its influencing factors,and the concept and code were formed by using the grounded theory method to investigate the influencing factors of resource allocation optimization development in pension institutions.SWOT analysis was used to analyze the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats facing the optimization of resource allocation in pension institutions.Data manipulation was conducted using Epidata3.1 software,statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0,DEAP 2.1,EViews 8.0.NVivo 12.0 was used to input,organize and analyze qualitative interview data.ResultsAmong the 283 pension institutions,there were 92 public pension institutions(32.5%)and 191 private pension institutions(67.5%).(1)The overall situation of the allocation of material resources in the life care of the pension institutions showed that among 181 pension institutions who built single rooms,162 pension institutions reached the standard of room area,with a standard rate of 89.5%.Among the 235 pension institutions with double rooms built for customers,219 of them reached the standard of room area,with a standard rate of 93.2%.(2)The overall situation of spiritual consolation and material resource allocation in pension institutions showed that among 283 pension institutions,190(68.2%)were equipped with indoor activity rooms,246(82.6%)with outdoor activity space and 33(11.7%)with psychological consultation rooms.The proportion of indoor activity room,outdoor activity space and psychological consultation room reached the area standard was 3.2%,93.5% and 84.8% respectively.(3)The overall situation of the allocation of medical resources in the pension institutions shows that among the 283 pension institutions,51(18.0%)had medical rooms,23(8.1%)nursing stations and 52(18.4%)rehabilitation rooms.The proportion of medical room,nursing station and rehabilitation room reached the area standard was 52.9%,26.1% and 36.5% respectively.General status of human resources allocation in pension institutions :(1)the overall status of human resources allocation in life care of pension institutions showed that the average number of nursing assistants allocated in 283 pension institutions was 16.00 per 100 elderly people.The number of nursing assistants in pension institutions reached the standard was 156,and the overall rate of reaching the standard was 55.1%.The average certification rate of nursing assistants was 81.2%.(2)The overall situation of the allocation of human resources for the spiritual comfort of pension institutions showed that among the 283 pension institutions,15(5.3%)had social workers and 268(94.7%)have no social workers.(3)The overall distribution of medical human resource allocation in pension institutions showed that among 283 pension institutions,59(20.8%)were equipped with nurses,51(18.0%)with doctors and 32(11.3%)with physical therapists.The results of the investigation on the allocation of financial resources of pension institutions showed that the main source of funds for public pension institutions was government appropriation,while the main source of funds for private pension institutions was individual occupancy payment.Labor cost and living cost were the main expenditure items of public pension institutions.283 pension institutions had a total of 25,495 beds,with 15,479 elderly residents and a occupancy rate of 60.7 percent,including 59.8 percent in public pension institutions and 61.1 percent in private ones.The number of disabled elderly was 7,591,and the occupancy rate of disabled elderly was 29.8%,including 24.3% in public institutions and 32.3% in private institutions.Based on the research institute of building the pension resources allocation efficiency of input-output index system,using the BCC model of DEA analysis,results showed that in 283 pension institutions,the effective rate of comprehensive efficiency was 8.1%,the effective rate of pure technical efficiency was 78.4%,and the effective rate of resource allocation scale was 8.8%.The clustering results showed that the first type of clustering pension institutions had higher pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency;the second type of pension institutions had higher pure technical efficiency and lower scale efficiency;the third type of pension institutions had lower pure technical efficiency and higher scale efficiency.Regression analysis results showed that the influencing factors of comprehensive efficiency value of resource allocation of pension institutions were mainly capital investment and establishment time;the influencing factors of pure technical efficiency of pension institutions were mainly bed number,capital investment,establishment time,medical care insurance authorization of disabled personnel;the influencing factors of scale efficiency value of resource allocation of pension institutions were bed number,capital investment,establishment time medical care insurance authorization,and variables of built-in or contracted medical institutions for disabled persons.Through in-depth interviews with the heads of the pension institutions to collect data,using grounded theory method to analyze the influencing factors of resource allocation optimization of the pension institutions.We found that management factors,system factors,market factors and policy factors constituted the influencing factors of resource allocation optimization of pension institutions;the characteristics of managers,market positioning and management system constituted the management factors;the role consciousness,and political and commercial relations constituted the system factors affected the optimization and development of resource allocation of pension institutions;the market scale,consumption willingness and ability,competitors and competition mode constituted the market factors,and the policy factors include the guiding policy,financial fund support factor and human resources service factors,guiding policies and financial support policies played a limited role in promoting the optimization of resource allocation of pension institutions.Conclusion(1)The allocation of material resources and human resources in pension institutions in Changchun has reached a certain scale,but there is still a gap with the allocation standard,and the allocation structure still needs to be optimized.There is a certain degree for improvement in the occupancy of pension institutions,especially for the disabled and semi-disabled elderly.(2)The efficiency evaluation,carried out based on the pension resource efficiency evaluation index system constructed in this study,indicate that the comprehensive efficiency of pension institution resource allocation in Changchun is generally low.And the comprehensive efficiency needs to be improved.Among them,the pure technical efficiency is higher,the contribution to the comprehensive efficiency is larger,and the scale efficiency was lower.(3)The key factors that influence the optimization of resource allocation of pension institutions in Changchun are management,system,market,and government policy.(4)It is suggested that the government and the pension institutions should support each other and work together,strengthen the concept of resource allocation for all-round development,guide consumption upgrading and market competition,give full play to the initiative of resource allocation subjects,strengthen the supply of key resource elements,and promote the further optimization of resource allocation of the pension institutions in Changchun. |
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