| Background & Significance: In the 21 st century,the society and academic circles have paid more and more attention to how to reduce diseases and keep healthy by promoting a healthy and civilized lifestyle.According to the outline of "healthy China 2030" plan,it is suggested to strengthen family and high-risk individuals' healthy lifestyle guidance and intervention,change residents' bad behavior habits,shape self-disciplined healthy behaviors,and form a healthy lifestyle in line with their own characteristics.After receiving relevant information,individuals can quickly improve their understanding of behavior and promote the occurrence of health behavior change.Therefore,information intervention has been widely applied as an important part of health behavior change intervention,but there is still a large space to explore on how to achieve the most effective intervention effect.Therefore,how to improve the information intervention strategies has become a research focus.At present,most of these studies focus on using Internet technology to improve the convenience of individual access to intervention,while the optimization of the information used for intervention needs to be further expanded.Framing effect refers to the difference of individual decision making tendency caused by the message with the same essence and different presentation.This phenomenon is widely found in health-related information communication.The message used in information communication embodied in one frame can often trigger greater behavioral intention of individuals than that in another frame.In health information,the message framing is mainly divided into positive frame(expressing the benefits that can be brought by quitting bad behaviors or cultivating a good behavior)or negative frame(expressing the harm that can be brought by performing bad behaviors or lack of good behaviors).But whether this difference has a practical effect on health behavior change has not been proven.Healthy behavior change refers to the specific process in which individuals gradually change from the behavior pattern or habit that is not conducive to physical and mental health to the behavior pattern or habit that is conducive to health in order to prevent disease and maintain their health.To explore the message framing effects in the process of health behavior change and determine the role of message framing in the process of health behavior change can not only improve the theory of the research on framing effect and health behavior,but also help optimize the intervention program of health behavior change,so as to promote the change of individual health behavior.On the other hand,adolescence with great behavior plasticity is an important stage to form lifelong behavior habits for peolpe.If good healthy behavior habits can be formed at this time,it is of great significance to the development of individuals and the improvement of the health quality of the whole people.At present,college students in China do not eat breakfast on time,which is a prominent unhealthy behavior of this group,which increases the risk of chronic diseases in the future.Based on the above reasons,this study takes college students who do not eat breakfast on time as the research object,through the analysis of the cognitive and behavioral differences on college students' individual in the process of health behavior change affected by the different framework,reveal the message framing effect in the process of health behavior change effect,which will provide a scientific basis for perfect health behavior intervention plan.Contents & Methods:(1)Construction of framing effect theoretical model in the process of health behavior change Based on the Transtheoretical model and the theory of protection motivation,this study analyzes various variables involved in the process of health behavior change and the relationship between them and constructs a comprehensive model of the process of health behavior change at first.And then refering to the analysis of the influence of information factors in information-motivation-behavior skills model and the explanation of framing effect in prospect theory,the information in the intervention effect on the health behavior change is put forward the framework of assumptions on the basis of the composite model of health behavior change.Finally,the theoretical model of framing effect in the process of health behavior change is formed.Verification will be carried out in turn in subsequent studies.(2)Verification of the comprehensive model of the process of health behavior change Taking the behavior of eating breakfast on time as an example,a questionnaire was prepared according to the measurement indexes involved in the comprehensive model of health behavior change process.The research tested whether the setting of the questionnaire was reasonable through preliminary investigation.A total of 132 questionnaires were collected,among which 110 were effective with an effective rate of 83.3%.Then project analysis,Cronbach's a coefficient and exploratory factor analysis were used to verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.The questionnaire was used to investigate the relevant situation of college students who are developing the habit of eating breakfast on time in their natural state.695 valid questionnaires were collected.The obtained data were statistically analyzed to verify the comprehensive model of health behavior change process.(3)Validation of framing effect model in the process of health behavior change At the same time the natural state survey was carried out,the experiment was conducted to study whether the influence of different framed message on the behavioral decision-making tendency of this group was different.The subjects were asked to measure the cognitive psychological attributes that might moderate framing effects as the same as filling in information about behavior changes.Then,the participants read a copy about eating breakfast on time(the message contained in it has been processed in a positive or negative frame),and then filled in the questionnaire to measure the relevant indicators of behavior change again,to see if there is any change and whether there is any difference in the change.Statistical methods were used to verify the framing effects of individuals at different stages and the effects of various moderators on framing effects.(4)Empirical evidence of the effect of framing effect on health behavior change intervention According to the natural state survey and cross-sectional experiment results,which kind of framed message can trigger the stronger behavioral change decision-making tendency of individuals at a certain stage.According to the results,the longitudinal intervention experiment program was developed and the empirical intervention was carried out.The intervention target was also college students.According to the change stage in the Transtheoretical Model,they had been divided into five stages.The number of people in each stage is equally divided into blank group,natural information intervention group and framed message intervention group.Each group used different intervention methods: the blank group was not intervened;The natural information intervention group was given the untreated natural information for intervention,while the framed message intervention group was given the framed message that could promote the decision-making of behavior change according to their change stage.The intervention lasted six months.A total of 220 people completed the experiment.At the end of the experiment,the change stage of the subjects was measured again.The effect of intervention was judged according to the change difference before and after intervention.Results:(1)The message framing effect model in the process of health behavior change The model contains two kinds of message framingwork(positive and negative framework),the five Stages(Precontemplation stage,Contemplation stage,Preparation stage,Action stage and Maintenance stage),9 change process(Consciousness Raising,Dramatic Relief,Self Revalueation,Environmental Revaluation),Social Liberation,Helping Relationship,Alternative Commitment,Reinforcement Management and Stimulus Cnotrol)and four dimension of decision-making balance(Perceived Threat,Reaction Resistance,Effectiveness,Self-Efficacy).The model shows how the message framingwork transforms the process of change and the balance of decision between the stages of change during the whole process of health behavior change.(2)Individuals at different stages of change have significant differences in various dimensions of change process and decision-making balance.(1)Precontemplation stage to Contemplation stage: Perceived Threat,Consciousness Raising,Environmental Revaluation and Alternative Commitment have significant changes,among which Perceived Threat and Consciousness Raising can explain and predict whether the individual has stage change or not.(2)Contemplation stage to Preparation stage: Reaction Resistance,Self Revalueation,Social Liberation,Alternative Commitment have significant changes,and reaction resistance,self-efficacy,Self Revalueation and social liberation can explain and predict whether the individual changes in the stage;(3)preparation stage to action stage: reaction resistance,self-efficacy,Alternative Commitment,Helping Relationship,Reinforcement Management and Stimulus Control have significant changes.Among them,Self-Efficacy,Alternative Commitment and Helping Relationship can explain and predict whether the individual has stage change or not.(4)Action stage to Maintenance stage: Reaction Resistance,Self-Efficacy,Consciousness Raising,Dramatic Relief and Alternative Commitment significantly changed,in which Self-Efficacy,Consciousness Raising,Dramatic Relief and Alternative Commitment can explain and predict whether the individual stage change.Targeted interventions on specific dimensions may effectively facilitate transitions between phases of change.(3)Framing effects of individuals in different stages of change(1)Precontemplation stage and Contemplation stage:The increase of perceived threat of the individuals receiving negative framed message was significantly higher than that of the individuals receiving positive framed message,which indicated that negative message could promote the decision-making of behavior change of individuals in these stages;(2)Preparation stage:The increase of Environmental Revaluation of the individuals receiving negative framed message was significantly higher than that of the individuals receiving positive framed message while the increase of Self-efficacy of the individuals receiving positive framed message was significantly higher than that of the individuals receiving negative framed message.Since the dimension of self-efficacy is the main explanatory variable when the individual changes in the next stage at this stage,it is considered that positive message has a greater role in promoting the decision-making of behavior change.(3)Action stage:The increase of self-efficacy of individuals receiving positive framed message is significantly higher than that of negative frame,which indicates that positive framed message can promote the decision-making of individual behavior change in this stage.(4)Maintenance stage:There is no significant difference in each dimension of individuals in this stage,indicating that the message framingwork has no significant impact on it.(4)The influence of various moderators on the message framing effect in the process of health behavior change.(1)Gender.Individuals of different genders show that negative framed message is more conducive to the improvement of perceived threat while positive framed message is more conducive to the improvement of self-efficacy.(2)NFC.Individuals with high cognitive needs have more obvious effects of negative framed message than positive framed message on three dimensions of environmental reassessment,perceived threat and response efficiency.In the dimension of stimulus control and self-efficacy,individuals with low cognitive needs have more effect on positive framed message than negative framed message,and in the dimension of perceived threat,negative framed message has more effect than positive framed message.(3)CFC: No significant difference was found among individuals with high CFC in each dimension.But individuals with Low CFC had more obvious effects on perceived threat dimensions of negative framed message than positive framed message,and more obvious effects on self-efficacy dimensions of positive framed message than negative framed message(4)Motivational Orientation: In terms of perceived threat dimension,negative framed message in the avoidance group has more obvious effect than positive framed message.The positive framed message was more effective than the negative framed message in the self-efficacy dimension.(5)Beliefs about Risk and Uncertainty.Individuals with beliefs of high risk and uncertainty have more obvious effects of negative framed message than positive framed message in the dimension of perceived threat,and more obvious effects of positive framed message than negative framed message in the dimension of self-efficacy.There were no significant differences in each dimension between individuals with low risk and uncertainty consciousness.The above regulatory effects are not inconsistent with the effects of information framing interventions in stages of change.Therefore,there is no need to pay special attention to the implementation of the intervention.(5)Experimental results of intervention on health behavior change using message framingwork The results of the three experimental groups showed that the individuals in the blank group without intervention could move spontaneously to the next stage when they were in the Precontemplation stage,but it was difficult for them to complete the whole process of health behavior change.the group with nature information intervention,before intervention in the former intention stage individual behavior change with no intervention mode spontaneous change difference is not big,the former intention stage to the stage of individual health behavior change process significantly increased,but no significant progress in action phase of the individual,the result shows that using nature information intervention can promote behavior change process but limited effectiveness;In the framed message intervention group,the process of individual health behavior change from pre-intention stage to action stage was significantly improved,and the effect of intervention at the same stage was better than that of the nature information intervention group.There was no significant change before and after the maintenance stage in the three groups,suggesting that information intervention had no practical effect on individuals at this stage.Conclusion:(1)Framing effects exist in individuals in the process of health behavior change,and the main reason is that the different framed message has different influence degree on each dimension of decision-making balance.(2)Framing effects between individuals at different stages of change are different.These differences are due to the difference in the influence degree of the same framed message on the same dimension of individual decision-making balance at different stages.(3)Using framing effects in intervention strategy can affect the process of individual health behavior change. |
PDF Full Text Request