Tradition And Modernity:Medical Education Of Shanxi Medical University Predecessor(1919-1937)

Since the spread of western learning to the east,Chinese traditional mathematics,physics and chemistry have been gradually integrated into the world scientific tide,while traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown a different development path because of its close relationship with Chinese culture,and its confrontation with western medicine has accompanied the whole republic of China.The predecessor of Shanxi Medical University was born in the early period of the republic of China,but was transformed into a western medicine education institution later.Such case is rare across the country.At the same time,because it is the only TCM school founded by provincial official and the only public medical school of Shanxi Province in early period of republic of China,so the study of medical education transformation of the school are both scarcity and typicality no matter in Shanxi Province or nationwide,the study for the current management reform of higher medical colleges especially of TCM colleges has very important reference and guidance significance.Under the guidance of Contextualism,this paper absorbs the governance theory and organization structure theory,combines study methods of internal and external history,studies the early(1919-1937)development of Shanxi Medical University,and found that the education transformation is the result of multiple factors,there are multidimensional changes from micro to macro level.This paper holds that the external factors in the early education transformation of Shanxi Medical University are the comprehensive penetration of western medicine education,the management of education administration,the impact of military and political events and the new education movement.Among them,western medicine education comprehensive penetration is the external main reason.From the perspective of internal factors,it is because of the unsatisfactory effect of TCM research carried by Shanxi TCM Research Association for Improvement,the conflictbetween centralization and autonomy inside the school,and students' disapproval of TCM education.The main internal reason is the inapparent effect of TCM research.These internal and external factors contributed to the early education transformation of Shanxi Medical University.The education transformation in the early stage of Shanxi Medical University carried out at different levels.First,the curriculum setting and faculty composition changed at the micro level,followed by the change of educational philosophy at the middle level,and finally,the governance model at the macro level,which was greatly influenced by the outside world,changed.Influenced by the above factors,the internal organizational structure of the school fine-tuned constantly in the development process,and then changed significantly with the change of governance model.The changes of micro and medium level are relatively mild.Course setting and faculty composition transformed from TCM mainly to western medicine completely.The philosophy of running school changed from the education of "promoting TCM by western medicine" to complete western medicine education.At the macro level,the reform driven by the student agitation is rather radical,governance model changed from the official governance to the teacher governance.There are two ways to change the internal organizational structure: one is the gradual change related to the micro and medium changes,and the other is the rapid and thorough change related to the change of governance model.This study has filled the gap in the field of medical education in Shanxi Province and becomes a typical case of studying the relationship between TCM education and western medicine education in China.