Study On Tourism Efficiency Of National Forest Park

The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out that efficiency reform is the core goal of high-quality economic development.Promoting the efficiency of tourism industry is helpful to achieve the high quality development of tourism industry,and realizing the transformation and upgrading of tourism development.National Forest Park is an important tourist destination in China and the main position for forest tourism development.It plays an increasingly important role in realizing economic,social and ecological benefits.However,in recent years,the problems of inefficient utilization of resources and extensive management mode in the development of National Forest Park tourism have become increasingly prominent,and the development of forest tourism needs to be transformed and upgraded urgently.The improvement of tourism efficiency of National Forest Park is the key to sustainable development and transformation and upgrading of forest tourism destination.However,the current academic research on the tourism efficiency of national forest parks has not received enough attention.The systematic research on the tourism efficiency of national forest parks in provincial units has rarely been involved.This study follows the research main line of "index construction-efficiency measurement-spatio-temporal contrast space-time comparison-convergence analysis-mechanism analysis-promotion strategy".Based on the construction of scientific and reasonable indicators,taking 31 provincial unit national forest parks as the research object,and using panel data from 2008 to 2017,and adopting DEA model,kernel density function estimation method,spatial exploratory analysis,standard deviation ellipse analysis,gravity center analysis,spatial autocorrelation,convergence analysis,Markov chain matrix,Tobit model,Spatial Weighting Regression(GWR),etc.,this research systematically studies the spatial-temporal evolution pattern,convergence and influence mechanism of tourism efficiency of 31 national forest parks in China,and finally proposes measurements to improve tourism efficiency.To a certain extent,this study expands the research perspective of Forest Park tourism,extends the research theme of tourism efficiency,enriches the research content of human geography,and provides some theoretical reference for improving tourism efficiency and sustainable development of forest park,so it has important theoretical and practical significance.The main structure of the thesis is divided into three parts:1 basic theoretical research,including the first chapter and the third chapter of the thesis.2 Empirical research,including the fourth chapter to the sixth chapter of the thesis.3 Enhancement and application research,including Chapters 7 and 8.Through theoretical and empirical analysis,this thesis draws the following conclusions:(1)The tourism efficiency of the National Forest Park has been in the middle upper level,and the tourism efficiency has been improved.The tourism development of the National Forest Park has shown the trend of transformation and upgrading,and the connotative development stage is coming.From 2008 to 2017,the average values of comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of provincial unit National Forest Park are respectively 0.757,0.817 and 0.923.There are fewer provinces with optimal efficiency in the whole research period.Only Shanghai and Zhejiang have maintained the optimal state of tourism efficiency,and there is still room for improvement of tourism efficiency.From the perspective of time series changes,all the efficiencies have been improved to a certain extent in the fluctuations,among which the pure technical efficiency is the most obvious,the scale efficiency is the least,the comprehensive efficiency and the pure technical efficiency value show the "double peak" distribution,the scale efficiency presents a single peak distribution situation,and the comprehensive tourism efficiency of the National Forest Park is mainly driven by the pure technical efficiency.(2)The tourism efficiency of the National Forest Park shows a certain spatial evolution law.The spatial evolution characteristics of tourism pure technical efficiency are similar to the comprehensive tourism efficiency,while the tourism scale efficiency is different,showing its own characteristics.From the point of view of spatial differentiation characteristics,the high-level areas of pure technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency have gradually formed a "herringbone"distribution pattern with the axis of southeast and northwest in space,and the high-level areas of scale efficiency have gradually formed a continuous circular distribution pattern in space.The overall efficiency of the four regions presents a spatial differentiation features of Eastern>Central>Western>northeastern.From the point of view of spatial agglomeration characteristics,the spatial agglomeration effect of pure technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency gradually strengthened,forming a high agglomeration area dominated by the developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta,the Bohai Rim and Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.The Matthew effect of positive spatial agglomeration is more significant,the spatial agglomeration effect of scale efficiency is reduced,the spatial correlation is reduced,and the spatial heterogeneity is enhanced.According to the direction distribution characteristics,the tourism efficiency of the National Forest Park from 2008 to 2017 shows the spatial distribution pattern of northeast to southwest.From the point of view of the shifting of the center of gravity,the moving direction of the efficiency of tourism has different directions.The overall efficiency and the center of gravity of the pure technical efficiency are similar,and the migration is generally in the northwest direction.The trajectory is in the W-type evolution,and the scale The center of gravity moves toward the southeast,and the trajectory shows a P-type evolutionary trend,further confirming that the overall efficiency is mainly driven by pure technical efficiency.Finally,31 provinces are divided into four types:golden type,potential type,low-lying type and sunset type according to the average value and change of tourism efficiency of forest parks in each province.(3)There is a general trend of convergence in the tourism efficiency of national forest parks in the whole country and the four regions.There is a phenomenon that the provinces with low tourism efficiency are catching up with the provinces with high tourism efficiency.The difference of tourism efficiency among provinces has been reduced,but it will not disappear in a short time.The overall efficiency and pure technical efficiency of each province show three types of clubs convergence:high level,medium level and low level.The scale efficiency shows two types of clubs convergence:high level type is outstanding,followed by medium level type.There are certain differences in the direction and probability of the transfer of tourism efficiency in each province.(4)This paper summarizes six main factors affecting the tourism efficiency of forest parks:economic development level,marketization degree,traffic accessibility,forest resources endowment,tourism facilities level and human resources support.Among them,human resources support and tourism facilities level have the greatest impact on tourism efficiency,and the different factors have a certain space-time differentiation effect on the driving force of each efficiency.Finally,the relationship between various impact factors is pointed out.The result shows that the level of regional economic development is the guarantee of the evolution of tourism efficiency,the degree of marketization is the driving force of the evolution of tourism efficiency,and traffic accessibility is the premise of the evolution of tourism efficiency.Forest resource endowment is the basis of tourism efficiency evolution,tourism facilities level is the booster of tourism efficiency evolution,and human resources support is the catalyst of tourism efficiency evolution.(5)On the basis of the research on the tourism efficiency system of the National Forest Park,combined with the actual development of forest park tourism,this thesis puts forward six countermeasures to improve the tourism efficiency of national forest parks:government policy support,talent team building,innovation ability improvement,tourism facilities improvement,environmental protection and development according to local conditions.