Forestland Use Changes And Its Drivers In Xishuangbanna:A Household Perspective

Forest land is a root place for forest to live on;it is also a major source of famers' livelihood,an improtant natural and strategic resource,as well as a key guarantee for the ecological security safety.Xishuangbanna is famous for its biodiversity,who also won the name of biodiversity tank.However,in recent years,it has been facing significant forestland use changes,which caused great chanlleges for the biodiversity protection and ecological environment.Based on the forest inventory datas of Xishuangbanna in the past 50 years and 417 households'interviews,the thesis would cover the following five main aspects:(1)Analyzing the historical and current forestland use changes in Xishuangbanna and its influence;(2)Analyzing the forestland management effects and problems based on the Theory of Policy changs;(3)Analysing local farmers'forestland use behavior,willingness,and their influences on forestland protection based on TPB Theory,Behavioral Economics and Sustainable Forest Management Theory,as well as with the methods of descriptive statistics and Cross Analysis method;(4)Anaylizing the diving factors,diving mechanism and ways of playing positive function of forestland use changes,based on Game Theory,Land Market Government Behavior Theory,TPB Theory,Sustainable Development Theory,as well as with the Scoring method,SEM,Logistic regression method and Tobit regression method;(5)Based on the above analysis,the theis providing policy options for forest land management in the future.With the above analysis,the theis came into the following conclusions:Firestly,there are two main charecteristics for the forestland use changes in Xishuangbanna in the past 55 years:on the one hand,the increase of forest cover rates was mainly contributed to the increase of closed forestland area,and the increase rate of the closed forestland is 99.96%;while the increase of closed forestland were mainly contributed to the increase of economic forest,which stands 1/3 of the total area of closed forestland;but the increase of economic forest mainly came from rubber plantation,which covers 90%of the total economic forest;On the other hand,the area of forestland has been in a decreasing trend,indicating the emergy of forestland protection.Secondly,the forestland development model has been in a stage of 'ecology proirty',forest land management policics have been strictly strengthened,which resuted in a series of achivements.At the same time,there are also some problems occurred,such as the monocular plantaion of rubber rasied great challeges for the current forestland management;the level of forestland right circulation is still low;forest restoration did not achieve a real balance.Thirdly,(1)in the aspect of farmers' forestland use behavior:the structure of forestland is simplely allocated,the seriousness of marketing oriated;the input of forest plantaion,cultivation,management and protection,as well as the enthusiasm of forestland mangeemtn,have been greatly decreased;The forest cutting behavior has been decreased following the strengthening of Forest Quota Logging policy;Most of the households(88%)take the single-household forestland management model;even if the enthusiasm of forestland management decreased,most of the households still are not willing to transfer their forestland rights;(2)in the aspect of farmers' forestland management willingness:69.4%interviewed farmers expressed that they still want to management the forestland,while 60%interviewed farmers showed an inactive attituedes towards the Environmental Friendly Rubber Plantaion,and 80%of them still want to keep the single-household forestland management model;(3)Their forestland use behavior and willingness exert negative influence on the forestland protection.Fourthly,the diving subject of forestland use changes in Xishuangbanna is the Central government,local government and farmers,while the farmers' forestland management behavior plays a key role in the changes.The forestland use changes are dirved by farmers' forestland use behavior,forestland management attitude and willingness,as well as the influence of the charecteristics of the heads of households,the charecteristics of the households,and the charecteristics of their forestland owned;meanwhile,the changes are still influenced by the direct dirving forces of local government and enterprices' behavors,and indirect dirving forces of economic and social factors.The dirving mechanism mainly include endogenous driving mechanism and exogenous driving mechanism.In order to guide the two mechanisms to exert and positive influence on forestland use changes,the theis raised two paths:one is speeden the promotion of Environmental Friendly Rubber plantation and its market estanblishment;the other is realizing regional forest carbon trade.Fifthly,based on the conlusions,the thesis raised the following policy options:the adjustment of forest classification from the aspect of ecoloy construction,coordinating the relationship between different department,strengthening the policy of forestland ritght transfer to regulate the renters'behavior;strengthening the incentive policies to diversity the farmers' livelihood;strengthening the policy of forestland uses regulation to protect the forestland;carrying out proper forestland requisition compensation standard to well guarantee the farmers whose forestland have been requisitioned.