Study On The Education Pattern Of Engineering Experience

The emergence of innovative industries such as big data,cloud computing,Internet of Things and artificial intelligence makes the complexity,scale and uncertainty of engineering activities in an unprecedented state.Under this background,the importance of “Engineering Experience”,which is one of the core stages of engineering talent training,is increasing.The essence of “Engineering Experience” lies in the interaction between the individual and the objective engineering environment to promote the individual’s reflection,strengthen the individual’s cognition of engineering professional practice,and form the skills and attitudes necessary for engineering professional practice.Some developed countries such as the United States have taken the lead in the reform of undergraduate engineering education to enhance the status of "Engineering Experience".In contrast,China’s undergraduate engineering education has not yet formed this consciousness.The current engineering practical education system pays too much attention to the examination and preliminary application of explicit theoretical knowledge but weakens the cultivation of implicit professional practical skills and attitudes.The current situation needs to be changed urgently.Based on this,exploring how undergraduate engineering education can carry out Engineering Experience to train engineers who meet the engineering development needs of the 21 st century becomes a complex problem that needs to be discussed and solved urgently.However,the existing researches have neither given systematic consideration to this problem,nor applied effective theories to guide the organization and implementation of Engineering Experience in undergraduate engineering education.Regarding the above practical problems and theoretical demands,the core question of this study is: how to construct and operate the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience,thus strengthening the implementation effect of Engineering Experience in undergraduate engineering education,and then cultivating the future engineers who meet the engineering development needs of the 21 st century.This study intends to solve the following questions step by step:(1)What are the basic factors of the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience?(2)What are the basic dimensions of the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience?(3)How to construct and operate the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience?Based on the above questions,this study takes the tacit knowledge view and the experiential learning view as the theoretical guidance,and uses the education pattern construction method and the systematic research method of engineering education as the method guidance,through sufficient literature reading,cases analysis,experts interviews and peer-reviewed seminars,combined with questionnaire surveys and other methods,by virtue of factor analysis,regression analysis and other data analysis methods,to carry out theoretical discussions and empirical tests,and to form the following conclusions:(1)Comprehensively analyze the concept of "Engineering Experience" in the 21 st century,and propose that the essence of "Engineering Experience" is the interaction process between individual and objective engineering environment,and also points out that the standard of Engineering Experience in undergraduate engineering education is: whether it involves experience,whether it involves the application of theoretical knowledge or deepens the understanding of theoretical knowledge,and whether it helps students to understand engineering professional practice,and on this basis propose the general category and core category of Engineering Experience.The organization and implementation trend of the "Engineering Experience" in the 21 st century is: on one hand,it is developing towards the systematic organization of various engineering experiential activities;on the other hand,it is more focused on integrity,systematicness,innovation and diversity of the engineering experiential activities,as well as conducting experience activities that are at the core of the Engineering Experience.(2)With the tacit knowledge view and the experiential learning view as the theoretical guidance,the education pattern construction method and the systematic research method of engineering education as method guidance,this study outlines the analysis framework of the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience,including three subsystems(target subsystem,process subsystem and support subsystem),six basic dimensions(training objectives,curriculum system,teaching methods,learning evaluation,faculty team,supporting environment),three groups of relationships(structure relationship between pattern dimensions,interrelation between engineering experience and overall engineering education,interactions between the education system and external environment).(3)Through literature identification,case supplementation,peer-review,and empirical test,this study proposes 36 basic factors of the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience,and six basic dimensions of the Experience Pattern named by the basic factors’ characteristics – the training objectives focusing on engineering skills and attitudes,the synthetical and integrated curriculum system,the student-led teaching methods,the diverse and rigorous learning evaluation,the experience-oriented faculty team,and the comprehensive and synergetic support environment.The study also verifies the positive correlation between the six basic dimensions and the implementation performance of Engineering Experience.(4)The basic factors,basic dimensions and structural relationships construct a complete Experience Pattern.This study uses the tacit knowledge view and experiential learning view to go deep into the specific situation of undergraduate engineering education and explores the Experience Pattern’s intrinsic characteristics: intermediation,interactivity,and synergy.The theoretical contributions of this study are mainly as follows: First,with the tacit knowledge view and the experiential learning view as the theoretical perspective,the education pattern construction method and the systematic research method of engineering education as the guiding methods,proposes the analysis framework of the Education Pattern of Engineering Experience.Second,based on literature,cases and empirical test,identifies the basic factors and basic dimensions of the Experience Pattern.Third,the overall construction of the Experience Pattern,and deeply excavate into the intrinsic characteristics of the Experience Pattern.In addition to the above theoretical contributions,this study goes deep into the special engineering education situation in China,for participants of engineering education reforms such as government,industry,social institutions and engineering colleges,this study proposes suggestions for the construction and operation of the Experience Pattern in the China context from six perspectives: attaching importance to the role of Engineering Experience,reconstructing the curriculum system of Engineering Experience,enhancing the students’ dominant position in the experience,optimizing the quality of faculty team,standardizing the process of school-enterprise cooperation,and creating an teaching innovation environment.