Research On The Designing Characteristics Of Buddhist Architectures Of South Jiangsu In Ming And Qing Dynasties

According to the geographical,cultural,administrative division and economic integrity as well as popular psychological identification,Suzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou are defined as South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasty.This area which has distinct regional characteristics develops on the basis of Taihu Lake.Presently,South Jiangsu boast rich relics of Buddhist architectures,most of which originate from Ming and Qing Dynasties,reflecting different facets of social and cultural lives of people of South Jiangsu to some degree in the designing characteristics.However,influenced by the fast development of social society,numerous ancient Buddhist architectures have been destroyed,restored without consistency with the original appearance or directly dismantled for new construction.Thus it is urgent and necessary to do systematic researches into Buddhist architectures in Ming and Qing Dynasties by restoring them to the original and overall South Jiangsu region.Focusing on the designing characteristics of Buddhist architectures in Ming and Qing dynasties,the paper first analyses their historical origins,clarifying the social backgrounds on which the Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu rely.By means of a large amount of field investigation and material collection,on-site surveying and mapping as well as date recovery,the paper then determines the current distribution and present preservation of these architectures.On these basis,relative research methods and theories from System Theory,Structural Mechanics,Typology,etc,are used to do concrete analysis in the distribution characteristics,architectural spatial arrangement,architectural models and technological characteristics of architectural community so as to formulate complete and systematic designing characteristics of Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Through researches into the Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper indicates that the community spaces of Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu exist in the way of two sub-spaces in one common space,displaying the co-existence distribution characteristics of mountains and gardens,Suzhou prefecture and Changzhou Prefecture,nature and human and revealing the spatial spirits of harmonious combination of moving and motionlessness of Buddhist architectures in South Jiangsu.From the aspect of spatial framework,Buddhist architectures adopt garden layouts to display the state of magnificence,which is strengthened in many aspects,and finally demonstrate the revolution from magnificence to compactness of spatial arrangement in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Then the Buddhist architectures uncover the systematic features of the pragmatism of Xiangshan craftsmen.Finally,taking all the above into consideration,the paper create comparatively comprehensive archives of Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties are finally set up.The paper,tries to analyze the grand "space and time" domain of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the macro,meso and micro levels,which can not only facilitate analysis of architectural designing characteristics synchronically,but also help comprehension of evolution diachronically.Through analysis,it is revealed that under the influence of social functions of Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties,donations from gentries and monks bestow a delicate scholarly style in the extension of Buddhist architectures in Ming and Qing Dynasties,while the folk beliefs of Xiangshan craftsmen and common people attach pragmatism to the architectures;through all the above-mentioned,the thesis gives further understanding of the simple and natural artistic conceptions demonstrated by the Buddhist architectures which are widely depicted in the South Jiangsu region and then it summaries the general trend towards fork transformation of Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The paper starts from researches into the designing characteristics of Buddhist architectures in South Jiangsu and does bottom-up analysis from the thread of actual architectural relics and concrete surveying and mapping data.It is found that aesthetic appreciation revealed by the Buddhist architectures of South Jiangsu returns to the common daily lives of people of South Jiangsu and finally realizes the harmonious integration of Materiality and Spirituality of aesthetic appreciation of artistic conceptions.Thus the paper provides new thoughts for the merging of artistic conceptions and states in architectural designing and offers constructive reference for the protection and inheritance of traditional appearances of Buddhist architectures in South Jiangsu in Ming and Qing Dynasties.