Research On The Plant Species And Planting Of Beijing Imperial Garden

As the capital of China,Beijing has more than 3,000 years of history of urban construction and more than 800 years of history of capital building.Based on the development of gardens in the historical period,under the relatively stable social background of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Beijing’s imperial garden construction has advanced by leaps and bounds.During the Qing Dynasty,the scale and the art of the imperial garden reached their peak,representing the highest achievements of Chinese classical gardens.Plants full of natural interest are indispensable elements in the gardens.Under the natural and humanistic environment of Beijing,the planting of Beijing imperial garden is unique.For the related research on the plating of imperial garden,compared with the research results of other imperial garden’s elements,the time category has a little research on the planting of imperial garden in the historical period.The space category has almost blank research on the planting of the whole system of the imperial garden.The research method is slightly weak on the mining of historical records.The research results are to be tried in a visual form that combines graphics and text.Based on this,this paper attempts to explore the imperial garden’s research system from the perspective of planting,and to construct a research framework for planting based on historical records,thus promoting the development and restoration of historical garden heritage.This paper takes 15 Beijing imperial gardens listed in the two volumes of "Imperial Palace" and"Imperial Landscape" in Beijing Literature Collection in the Qing Dynasty as object.Based on the research conclusions of Zhou Weiquan from the perspective of garden base selection and garden construction,the traditional Chinese gardens are divided into artificial landscape gardens and natural landscape gardens.It is believed that the planting of imperial garden is closely related to this classification,but the classification does not summarize the characteristics of all the research objects.By supplementing the type of "inner court gardens",the research objects are finally divided into three categories for the following research.Based on a large number of historical records,under the guidance of the methods of document research,field investigation,content analysis and comparison,induction and deduction,the investigation and analysis of the planting of Beijing imperial garden has been carried out.By studying the three aspects of the planting of Beijing imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty,respectively the organization and management,the research of plant species,and the way of planting,we can form a comprehensive and complete understanding of the planting of Beijing imperial garden from both internal and external perspectives.This paper has obtained a total of 228 species of Beijing imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty,including 72 families and 145 genera,and hierarchically showed the results of the research of plant species,including 18 species in inner court gardens,99 species in artificial landscape gardens,and 48 species in natural landscape gardens.On this basis,the characteristics of the planting of the inner court garden under the control of architectural pattern,the artificial landscape garden under the control of the landscape pattern,and the natural landscape garden under the scenic spot system have been studied.At the same time,based on the textual data,the Jianfugong Garden of inner court gardens,the Changchun Garden of artificial landscape gardens,and the Jingyi Garden of natural landscape gardens have been studied in depth.For Jianfugong Garden,the plant species list,the master plan of planting,and the image of this garden during the Qianlong period and in the late Qing Dynasty have been researched.For Changchun Garden,the plant species list,the spatial distribution master plan,and the image of this garden in the period from Kangxi to Qianlong have been researched.For Jingyi Garden,the plant species list and the planting form of the 28 landscape points,and the image of this garden during the Qianlong period have been researched.