Research On Architectural Art Of Nanjing In The Republican Period

Since 21 th century,China’s construction industry has entered a vigorous stage of development,and has made outstanding achievements in both urban and rural construction.At the same time,how to scientifically reflect the national spirit of contemporary architecture has been a hot topic in the field of architecture.The architecture in the Republic of Nanjing,whether from the group and individual or structure and decoration,has a very typical characteristic of artistic blending between China and Western countries,which has an important reference value and research significance to the relevant aspects of contemporary architecture.As the capital of Asian largest republic during the Republic of China,Nanjing had a variety of architectural remains.In a broad sense,the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing not only has traditional ancient architecture,but also new architecture in pure western style,and the architecture in modern national form,which is both "scientific" and "artistic",has the most important influence on the development of the later Chinese architecture.This kind of architecture is also called the architecture in the Republic of China in the narrow sense,which is the main research object in the previous relevant researches,and can best reflect the characteristic of times,"referring to the ancient and modern,being compatible with China and foreign countries",of the modern Chinese architecture.This article synthetically uses the art archaeology,the architecture and other multidisciplinary research methods,and revolves around the construction in the period of Republic of Nanjing in the narrow sense,namely the architecture in modern national form of Nanjing during the Republic of China period,to start the discussion.First,the author has made a large number of investigations on the remains of the relevant buildings,fully sorted out the materials about existing relevant buildings,and in this paper,135 relevant buildings have been collected and given descriptions in detail.The reasons of doing this is not to increase the volume of articles by stacking materials,but to provide support for a new composite classification method proposed in this paper.In addition,through careful comparison and analysis,the author also sees the limitations and shortcomings of this group of buildings.Second,this article discusses the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing in depth by referring to "Capital Plan".As one of the most important guidelines for the capital construction of the Republic of Nanjing,the "Capital Plan" is not fully implemented in the later period,and even so,it still plays a key role in the formation of the architectural style during the Republic of China.In this paper,according to the actual situation and "Capital Plan",the author not only pays attention to the orientation and appearance of buildings,but also analyzes the temperament and spiritual connotation of this group of buildings.Third,the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing shows multi-angle thinking while inheriting the tradition,and in the later development process,it also expands the emergence of a variety of types,based on the architectural comprehensiveness and complexity,the use of a single classification technique is not sufficient to support scientific research.As one of the key problems to be solved,this paper takes the basic form of the building as the main classification basis and the functional properties,layout and the material structure of the building as the auxiliary classification basis,uses the composite classification method to classify the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing in a comprehensive and systematic way,which is the first attempt of classification in this paper.Fourth,based on the paradigm formation of the traditional elements in the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing,this paper analyzes the principles and methods followed in the process of integration between Chinese and Western architectural culture,and illustrates the concrete embodiment of the architectural cases of the Republic of Nanjing.When discussing the influence of Chinese tradition on it,this paper refers to Yingzao Fashi and Qinggongcheng Zuofa Zeli to find its change law,and attempts to discuss the cause of this change.Fifth,as the embodiment of the integration of Chinese and Western architectural culture and the product of the modernization of Chinese traditional architecture,the aesthetic characteristics of the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing are very complex.This paper first analyzes the characteristic of times in the aspect of its architectural culture,architectural language and architectural concept,and on this basis,it starts from the beauty of form,the beauty of function,the beauty of experience,the beauty of material and the beauty of environment which modern architecture needs to embody,and expounds the characteristics of its beauty from form and function,proportion and scale,environment and layout,material and texture as well as symbol and implication.This article carries on the objective appraisal to the architecture in the Republic of Nanjing.It analyzes its historical limitations and shortcomings while summarizing its artistic value and the significance of the times,with the purpose to put forward some suggestions on how to deal with the relationship between international influence and traditional spirit in Chinese contemporary architectural design.