| Eco-compensation is an important issue of ecological civilization system,and an important policy to protect the ecology and environment.It plays the role of regulating the relationship between stakeholders based on the cost of ecological services,protection and development.The construction of ecological civilization has been incorporated into“Five-in-one” in the report of the 18 th national congress of the communist party of China,and the development of the Yangtze River economic belt has become a major national development strategy.The state council has issued important policy documents of eco-compensation,and the report of the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China also proposes to establish a market-oriented and diversified eco-compensation mechanism.At present,the issue of eco-compensation in China has entered a new era of supporting high-quality development.The eco-compensation practice of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been carried out early,with a high proportion of investment funds and a good compensation effect and should be summarized.However,due to the division of departmental interests,the eco-compensation funds in the Yangtze River economic belt are not comprehensive,and the mechanism is not perfect,especially the systematic review and performance evaluation are not carried out,so it is difficult to adapt to the new requirements in the new era.Therefore,this paper systematically summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad,points out the existing shortcomings of the current research,and concludes that the compensation mechanism based on performance evaluation is a more reasonable compensation mechanism from the perspective of game theory,carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the benefits,effects and efficiency of ecological compensation policies,so as to provide technical support and policy suggestions for improving the mechanism of the eco-compensation in China.The theoretical part of this paper analyzes the theory and mechanism of eco-compensation.First,it summarizes the domestic and foreign research literature on eco-compensation.Ecology,economics,and sociology,mainly answer the questions of "why make up,what to make up,who will make up,who to make up,how much to make up,how to make up".The management mainly answers the questions of "good or bad,how to change".Secondly,the main methods of eco-compensation performance evaluation are sorted out and reviewed from multiple dimensions such as eco-compensation policy design,policy implementation,compensation effect analysis,compensation policy effect evaluation,and input-output efficiency analysis.Subsequently,an economic analysis of the mechanism of eco-compensation using game theory methods was carried out.The main modes of eco-compensation and the incentive mechanism of pre-compensation,post-compensation,and performance compensation are described.According to the performance compensation model,the allocation of eco-compensation funds is conducive to improving the budget rigidity and fund use efficiency.In the practice and performance evaluation design part,the paper summarizes the domestic and foreign eco-compensation system,practice and performance evaluation research.First,the policy of China has experienced three stages: the initial stage as a subsidiary policy of environmental protection,the formation stage separated from the environmental protection policy,and the improvement stage composed of comprehensive policies.Second,the eco-compensation policy has been implemented in most key areas,great progress has been achieved in key fields,and new breakthroughs have been made in market-oriented.Meanwhile,the papersummarizes the practice of eco-compensation in the United States,the European Union,Latin America and other countries.The third aspect is the design of the performance evaluation framework.In view of the shortcomings of the research object focusing on the evaluation of eco-compensation effects,the research content focusing on the single dimension of ecological environment performance,and the research method focusing on the linear summation evaluation such as the EPI index,the paper put forward the concept,main objectives,evaluation principles and index system of eco-compensation performance evaluation,which expand the research ideas,contents and methods.The empirical analysis issue includes four parts: First,entropy method is used to measure six benefits of eco-compensation.The comprehensive benefits of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River economic belt show an upward trend in2011-2018,and the overall entropy average increased from 16.77(2011)to 33.58(2018),withan increase of 100.20%.Shanghai,Zhejiang and Chongqing are in the forefront of entropy,while Guizhou,Anhui and Yunnan are in the forefront of growth.Secondly,the DID method is used to evaluate the policy effect of eco-compensation in the Yangtze River basin.The regression results showed that eco-compensationpolicies significantly promoted the improvement of water quality.Among the control variables,GDP per capita and ammonia nitrogen emission intensity pass the 1% significance level test,which shows that they have a strong correlation with the policy effect and have a positive coordination with thepolicy.By changing the window,subsample regression and placebo,it shows that the results of policy effect are robust.Thirdly,the Three-stage DEA model is used to calculate the efficiency of national key ecological functional areas,forests and river basins.It is found that the overall comprehensive efficiency shows a trend of first rising and then falling,and now the overall management is inefficient,and the compensation efficiency gap between upstream and downstream of the river basin is obvious.Fourthly,according to the performance evaluation standard,the gap between the actual eco-compensation and the compensation according to performance is enlarging.Additional compensation should be given in 2011-2015,while in 2016-2018,eco-compensation amount should be deducted.According to the calculation,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Hubei and Anhui should get additional compensation.Finally,based on the research above,four policy suggestions are put forward:first,highlight the integration and build a systematic and comprehensive ecological compensation system;second,fully exploit the market mechanism and constantly innovate the operation mechanism of eco-compensation;third,adhere to scientific standards and efficiency orientation,and use limited funds for key purposes;fourth,give priority to the incentive and take eco-compensation as key tool to promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism of green development. |
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