| With the rapid economic development and the continuous acceleration of urbanization,China’s iron and steel demand is increasing persistently,which directly drives the growth of steel production and the emission of atmospheric pollutants,seriously affecting air quality and public health.In this context,the iron and steel industry has become one of the key focus of China’s joint prevention and control of pollution,production and emission limits,and the accounting of its emissions and atmospheric impact is a difficulty in the field of current environmental research.However,existing studies were limited to certain processes or regions,lacking comprehensive and systematic analysis on full process and nationwide emissions in Chinese iron and steel industry.In addition,existing accounting methods are based on uniform and fixed emission factors,which cannot effectively reflect the differential characteristics of various emission sources,as well as the dynamic evolution of relevant factors and technologies.Therefore,the research on iron and steel atmospheric pollutants needs theoretical and technological innovation,and a set of systematic and high-resolution emission inventory model should be built,which not only covers full processes and regions of China’s steel production,but also accurately reflects the similarities and differences at high spatial(source-specific)and temporal(hourly-frequency)resolutions.Based on the above,this paper incorporates the data from Continuous Emission Monitoring System(CEMS)and China Environmental Statistical Yearbook,to put forward a new iron and steel atmospheric emissions inventory accounting method at high spatial(source-specific)and temporal(hourly-frequency)resolutions.Using this promising method,this study compiles a process-based and region-based high-resolution emission inventories of China’s iron and steel industry in 2012,2015,2018 and the future year,to evaluate its environmental impact and future trends.Specifically,the main innovation works of this paper can be summarized as the following two aspects:(1)Constructing a new high spatial and temporal resolution inventory accounting method based on CEMS dataThis paper innovatively introduces the nationwide,source-level and hourly-frequency data(such as the real-time CEMS data),and constructs a high spatial and temporal resolution inventory accounting method.Compared with the existing method,this new method has the following three advantages.First,different from the existing method that adopts emission factors in existing studies,this method uses the measured emission concentration to directly calculate the emission factors and emissions,avoiding the use of indirect parameters and assumptions,and significantly improving the measurement accuracy.Second,different from the existing method that adopts uniform and non-differentiated emission factors,the new method uses source-level data to systematically calculate the emission factors and emissions of each emission source,which can deeply analyze the emission differences of various processes and technologies.Third,different from existing methods using constant,lagging emission factor(before 2013),new method introduces high-frequency and latest data to update the latest emission factor and its emissions,which can effectively grasp the dynamic evolution mechanism of iron and steel industry emissions,especially the impacts of implement of new emission standard in 2012 and 2015 in iron and steel industry.(2)Compiling the national and process-based steel emission inventory in different periods&simulating the impact of the atmospheric environment in different scenariosUsing the new CEMS-based emissions inventory accounting model,China’s iron and steel emissions have been carefully investigated,as follows:from different dimensions(i.e.,time,space,process and pollutants),this paper explores the emission concentration,compliance,emissions and the transformation potential of China’s iron and steel industry in 2015-2018;it establishes a process-based emission inventory management system of China’s iron and steel industry,and compiles the process-based high-resolution inventories of China’s iron and steel industry in 2012,2015,2018 and the further year by bottom-up method;it employs Comprehensive Air Quality Model Extensions(CAMx)to simulate environmental impact of atmosphere pollution in iron and steel industry at a national scale,in terms of the scenarios in 2012,2015,2018 and future year.Through the analysis,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions.(1)In terms of time dimension,during 2015-2018,the average annual and monthly emission concentrations of atmospheric pollutants from major processes(namely sintering head,tail and pellet firing)of China’s iron and steel industry basically maintained a downward trend,which was opposite to the crude steel production in China.In particular,during the autumn and winter period(2017.10-2018.3),the pollutants concentration of major processes in key regions decreased more than other regions,and the overall compliance rate in the eastern region was higher than that in other regions of China.(2)In terms of pollutants,the annual emission of SO2,NOxand particulate matter(PM10,PM2.5,BC,OC and EC)from China’s iron and steel industry decreased,while the annual emission of VOCs increased.(3)Regarding the regional dimension,Hebei province produced the largest provincial emissions,in the meantime,"2+26" cities have the largest regional emissions.(4)In the process dimension,coking,sintering,pelleting and blast furnace(i.e.,processes before iron-making)were the main contributors to emissions(SO2,NOx and PM10)of iron and steel industry.(5)In terms of environmental impact,the contribution distribution of the environmental impact from China’s iron and steel industry is consistent with that of emissions.(6)In the future scenario,assuming that China’s steel industry reaches the industrial structure of developed countries and ultra-low emission level,the emissions of SO2,NOx and PM10 will drop to 49,400t,75,800t and 41,100t,respectively,and its contribution to the concentration of atmospheric pollutants can be controlled below average 0.31%. |
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