| China has opened the new era of constructing ecological civilization and ecological civilization has become a new development concept in the new times.Constructing ecological civilization is meritorious at present and beneficial during one thousand years.At the same time,forestry has been given the glorious mission in the procession of constructing ecological civilization in the new times and has to shoulder the important responsibilities of constructing ecological civilization.Better more,forestry has to make a new contribution to constructing ecological civilization.Measuring ecological civilization is one of the key links in the procession of constructing ecological civilization.Therefore,under the background of constructing ecological civilization in new times,researching on measurement for ecological civilization and further studying the contribution of forestry to ecological civilization are of great significance,scientific value,application prospect and policy meaning.However,(i)there are still some defects in the existing researches on the measurement for ecological civilization,such as the essential distinctions between ecological civilization and non-ecological civilization failed to be accurately distinguished so that the threshold of ecological civilization failed to be confirmed beforehand,and whether areas were at the stage of ecological civilization or non-ecological civilization also failed to be judged,and then people defaulted that all areas have stepped into the stage of ecological civilization and have all areas measured with the criterion of ecological civilization,and the clustering,classification and ranking were done according to the results of measurement so that these areas having not stepped into the stage of ecological civilization also participated in ranking,worse more,some areas ranked very high.This is not in accordance with the actual situation of the construction of ecological civilization in China's provinces.(ii)These existing researches only revealed the qualitative relationship between forestry and ecological civilization.But only mastering the qualitative relationship was too hard to meet the quantification decision-making demand of constructing ecological civilization.Managers should also identify the contribution and influence degree of forestry to ecological civilization to totally grasp and understand the objective regulations of forestry to ecological civilization.To solve these defects above,after building up the total method system of "stage and level" two-step measurement for ecological civilization,based on the theory of symbiosis between industry and ecology,firstly Pressure-State-Impact-Response structural model was constructed to select the original indicators of ecological civilization.Secondly Structural Equation Model was utilized to optimize the original indicators in order to obtain the final indicators and their weightings.Thirdly,the basic indexes,characteristic indexes,symbiotic degree index,threshold values indexes were measured with the method of the coupling from indicators to indexes based on Lotka-Volterra symbiotic model.And then the stages of ecological civilization in Chinese regions were judged according to the threshold values indexes.Fourthly,the levels of ecological civilization in those regions having entered the stage of ecological civilization according to the green degree index.Fifthly,the regulation of spatial pattern and time evolution of ecological civilization from stage to level in Chinese regions were revealed according to the results of two-step measurement.Sixthly,the contribution rates of forestry and other industries to ecological civilization were calculated by means of normalization algorithm.Finally,the indicators were backtracked and the roots of these states of constructing ecological civilization were also analyzed by the way of decoupling from indexes to indicators in Chinese regions.At the same time,some advice to promote the construction of ecological civilization was put forward in views of China,provinces and forestry regions.The main conclusions from the above researches are as follows.(i)Human response of ecological civilization is the vital factor in procession of constructing ecological civilization and the construction of ecological civilization must give consideration to the symbiosis between industry and ecology and one can't be biased.It is of great help for managers to accurately identify the key elements in the construction of ecological civilization so as to focus on it to promote the construction of ecological civilization.It is also conducive for managers to efficiently grasp the symbiotic mechanism between industry and ecology in order to make some policy to promote the construction of ecological civilization.(ii)China has completely gotten rid of the agriculture civilization and industry civilization but has not totally stepped into the stage of ecological civilization and is during the transition period of crossing into the ecological civilization from industry civilization.Totally speaking,China will still have a very long way to go for stepping into the stage of ecological civilization in the future.It is beneficial for managers to macro grasp the regulation of spatial pattern and time evolution of the situation of constructing ecological civilization in China.And it is also available for managers to accurately identify the stages of civilization and the regulation of the situation of constructing ecological civilization in provinces to make some different policy to promote the construction of ecological civilization.(iii)The construction of ecological civilization in northeast,west,central and eastern areas have a gradual process.It is beneficial for managers to grasp the regulation of spatial pattern and time evolution of the situation of constructing ecological civilization in regions.(iv)The southern forestry region instead of northeastern forestry region and southwestern forestry region has stepped into the stage of ecological civilization,whereas the level of ecological civilization is not still high,but the construction of ecological civilization in southern forestry region have great development potential capacity and very good prospect.It is of great help for managers to grasp the regulation of spatial pattern and time evolution of the situation of constructing ecological civilization in forestry regions and make some different policy to promote the construction of ecological civilization.(v)Sichuan and Guizhou are the "dark horses" in the procession of constructing ecological civilization.It is helpful for managers to understand the situation of ecological civilization in Sichuan and Guizhou and pay attention to them.(vi)In all industries,the contribution rate of forestry to ecological civilization is positive maximum and industry is negative maximum and the contribution rate of forestry has something to do with the endowment of forest resource.It is helpful for managers to accurately identify the important role of forestry and forest resource endowment in promoting the construction of ecological civilization.It is also available for managers to accurately identify the favorable and unfavorable industries in the construction of ecological civilization.(vii)The contribution rates of forestry three industries to ecological civilization present the feature of a "smiling curve".It is helpful for managers to grasp the role of forestry primary industry and forestry tertiary industry in promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the destructive role of forestry secondary industry in promoting the construction of ecological civilization.(viii)The roots of the situation of constructing ecological civilization in China,provinces,forestry regions respectively lie in the insufficient response to ecological construction,the symbiosis types between industry and ecology,the advantages of resource have not effectively been into economic and ecological advantage.To promote the construction of ecological civilization,in views of China,green ecology industry should be developed and the capacity of industry resources should be expanded so that the ability of environmental carrying could be enhanced to promote the construction of ecological civilization.In views of the provinces,industries should be developed towards to ecology under guaranteeing the industry economy development in developed regions.Industries should be developed towards to ecology,and the ability of environmental carrying capacity could be improved,in order to promote ecology construction in undeveloped regions.In views of forestry areas,the advantages of forest resources should be made full use of to change it to the advantages of economy and ecology,so that industry and ecology will develop in coordination all the time.Finally,the innovations were concluded and the future prospects were put forward in this paper.The innovations are as follows below.(i)In view of the whole scene vision in the evolution of human civilization,different stages of civilization in China,provinces and forestry regions were identified,which solved the defects that different stages of civilization in China,provinces and forestry regions failed to be distinguished by the traditional methods and all measured areas were thought to have stepped into the stage of ecological civilization.Further more,the stages of non-ecological civilization and the threshold of ecological civilization in China,provinces and forestry regions were judged based on the system of "stage and level" two-step measurement for ecological civilization,which solved the defects that those regions having not entered the stage of ecological civilization were evaluated with the criterion of ecological civilization.(ii)Not only the contribution rates of forestry and its three industries to ecological civilization were calculated,but also the contribution rates of the other industries to ecological civilization were calculated,which resolved the problem that the contribution degree of industry to ecological civilization failed to be quantitatively calculated.(iii)Ecological civilization was measured in "stage and level" two-step with the method of the coupling from indicators to indexes and the decoupling from indexes to indicators based on Lotka-Volterra,which realized the complement their advantages of indicators methods and indexes methods.(iv)The indicators of ecological civilization were quantitatively tested,optimized and then their weightings were determined by means of combining PSIR with SEM,which overcame the weakness that indicators and their weightings were subjectively determined by some traditional methods.For the lackness of research above,the following prospects will be carried out next.(i)The evaluation of ecological civilization in urban,county,countryside and community will be measured and these results will be compared.(ii)More scientific methods than PSIR-SEM will be found to measure ecological civilization.(iii)Some new types of industries will be introduced to calculate their rates of the contribution to ecological civilization.Better more,the contribution of forestry in large agriculture can also be calculated. |
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