Study On Safety Emergency Management Of Large-scale Civil Engineering Construction

With the acceleration of the process of urbanization,the construction industry has achieved an unprecedented growth.At the same time,frequent construction accidents,especially large-scale civil engineering projects,have not only caused huge casualties and property losses,but also posed a great threat to economic development and social stability.At present,there is no systematic research on the whole process of emergency management of large-scale civil engineering construction.It is urgently necessary to reveal the characteristic of its occurrence,development and evolution,and to establish an emergency management system for construction safety,which is in line with the characteristics of large-scale civil engineering.This paper is based on construction enterprises and its project department.It also focuses on unexpected events that may arise during the construction phase.With emergency management as the main line and based on management principles,safety system engineering principles,this paper comprehensively uses risk management theory,life cycle theory,emergency management theory,and trend analysis method,LEC risk evaluation method,analytic hierarchy process,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and other methods.By means of the questionnaire survey and expert interview,qualitative analysis combined with quantitative analysis,a systematic study was conducted on the whole process of construction emergency management such as prevention of construction emergency,preparation,response and recovery.The main research results and conclusions are as follows:(1)Large-scale civil engineering categories are defined and the most common large-scale buildings,bridges,and underground engineerings(subway)are the focus of this study.By analyzing the characteristics of emergencies,this paper introduces the theory of emergency management and interprets the definition,connotation and principles of emergency management.It classifies the construction emergencies,and reveals the common characteristics of the large-scale civil engineering construction emergencies,and constructs the basic theory framework of emergency management of large-scale civil engineering construction.(2)Based on large-scale civil engineering construction emergency management process,a large-scale civil engineering construction safety emergency management system is established,which is composed of internal function subsystem,external support subsystem(emergency radiation),detection improvement subsystem and emergency command.It covers the whole process of beforehand prevention,incident response and afterwards recovery.The internal function subsystem includes five modules: risk monitoring and forecasting,emergency support,emergency response,information submission and media response,recovery and investigate assessment.The external support subsystem is influenced by five factors,and the detection improvement subsystem includes three following processes.(3)Through the analysis of typical cases,the construction risk factors are statistically classified,identified and refined,and construction risk sources are analyzed,aiming at large-scale buildings,bridges,and underground engineerings.Based on questionnaire survey,reliability test,significant calculation and selection,the risk monitoring list of three kinds of works is complied,which can be used to monitor risk for construction enterprises.(4)The concept of radiation in physics is introduced into the field of emergency management,and the concept of emergency radiation for large civil engineering construction is proposed.Five factors are researched and analyzed,including emergency rescue force,emergency resources,the matched degree of professional rescue,emergency disposal efficiency,and communication and transportation conditions.The large-scale civil engineering construction of emergency radiation model is constructed,and some empirical studies have been done to test it.The research shows that the construction enterprises and project department should evaluate the surrounding radiation intensity scientifically,make full use of the nearby emergency rescue forces and resources,and deal with the construction of major emergencies together.In this way,the investment of emergency preparedness can be reduced significantly,and the resource allocation can be improved effectively.(5)The detection indicator system of emergency management system for large-scale civil engineering construction safety,which include four levels and eighty-seven indicators.This system has been used to detect emergency management system for the construction of a certain subway project,to diagnose the defects,and to find the loopholes and weakness of construction safety management,then continuously to optimize and improve the emergency management system.