The Technological Research Of Faience In Western-Zhou And Eastern-Zhou Periods

In China,faience mainly existed at Yellow River and Yangtze River basins from Western-Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period.Although faience is a kind of small decoration,it contains many information about the West and the East cultural interaction.Based on the microstructure and composition analysis,this paper studied the technology and raw materials of faience excavated from the representative sites from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period,and investigated the technological development history of faience.On this basis,we can understand the appearance of ancient Chinese society and the cultural exchanges between the East and the West from the point of view of faience.From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period,faience mainly used Efflorescence glazing method.During the Warring States Period,faience mainly used Application glazing method,not excluding the Cemetation glazing method of individual faience,and copper and barium silicate mainly used Efflorescence glazing method.From the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period,the composition of faience was mainly composed of potassium and sodium oxides.One flux material might introduce potassium oxide and sodium oxide into faience,but which flux source was used is still obsecure.During the Warring States Period,there were two types of faience:Lead-barium faience and potassium-calcium flux.Lead oxide and barium oxide of lead-barium faience had different raw materials.Potassium oxide and calcium oxide of potassium-calcium faience were introduced from the same raw material.From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period,copper was used as a colorant.After collision with the lead-barium silicate products of the Warring States Period,a brand-new colorant,barium copper silicate,was produced.No later than the middle and late Warring States period,the barium copper silicate was produced intentionally.This paper discusses the historical factors of the origin,development and decline of faience in China,with the help of archaeological unearthed relics and typology method.The appearance of Chinese faience was influenced by external factors and the ritual reform.In the Late Western Zhou Dynasty,Chinese faience further developed into a jade-like shape.Although the faience objects appeared a new type appearance in Warring States Period,with the change of the use range of the faience and the extrusion of other silicate products in the same period,the faience entered the end of the development.It is worth noting that glazed pottery and glass,as the "competitors" of faience,are closely related to faience,especially the appearance of lead-barium glass is affected by the lead-barium faience.