Research On The Climate Adaptation Of Traditional Settlement And Vernacular Architecture In Southeast Fujian

With the implementation of building energy conservation,the combination of design and climate has become the development trend of the architectural design industry.In the context of rural revitalization strategy,sustainable development of settlements and reuse of traditional wisdom of residential buildings have attracted full attention in the academic community.In recent years,the research on climate adaptation of residential settlements has been changing from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis.However,in the aspect of residential settlements in Fujian,the existing achievements lay particular stress on the qualitative research of monomer type.Furthermore,the climate of southeastern Fujian belongs to the subtropical maritime monsoon climate zone.In summer and autumn,it is typically hot and humid,and typhoons often land there.Besides,the climate adaptation experience contained in a large number of settlements in southeast Fujian needs to be further explored.Therefore,this paper takes the straightened settlements in the southeast Fujian plain as the research object.Also,the article puts both settlement comfort and wind protection into the research framework,to explore the strain mode of settlement space system under different climatic conditions.In the hope of deepening the understanding of the climate adaptability of settlements in southeast Fujian,it will provide spatial organization rules for the protection and renewal of settlements in the same climate regions and the construction of resilient villages in southeast China.This research is based on the perspective of traditional residential settlements,architectural physics and climatology.At the same time,this study adopts the methods of the literature reading,field research,microclimatic environment measurement and digital simulation from the aspects of settlement site selection,planning and layout,single residential houses and building details.Moreover,quantitative analysis is carried out around the natural ventilation mode of settlements in a weak wind environment and the wind protection measures in a stable wind environment.At the macro level,the traditional settlements in southeast Fujian are selected for their advantages and avoid disadvantages,which are in line with the landscape pattern and make use of the surrounding mountains,waters,forests,fields and other natural elements according to local conditions.Besides,the surrounding degree,shape and orientation of the mountain have an impact on the wind environment of the settlement site,and the mountain and forest together form the windbreak barrier around the settlement.At the middle level,the summer comfort building strategy of the settlement group in southeast Fujian is based on heat insulation and shading,supplemented by natural ventilation.The group layout is regular and ordered.Furthermore,the climate space system composed of "Alley & Hall & courtyard & Eaves gallery" coordinates with each other to ensure the stability of the micro-climate environment of the settlement.Under stable wind conditions,natural boundary and artificial boundary of settlements are combined to prevent wind,and the group effect is used to eliminate the influence of near-ground wind.Meanwhile,the wind protection performance of the grand house courtyard house is better than that of the open hand house.When the openings of the residential houses are closed,the alleys become corridors to channel the strong wind,while the wind speed of buffer Spaces such as hall,courtyard and eaves gallery is low to balance the roof wind pressure.At the micro level,local materials are used in folk dwellings in southeast Fujian,and the appropriate construction technology reflects the principle of climate adaptation.Furthermore,the thick outer wall made of brick,stone and earth can resist the fluctuation of external thermal environment and has a better ability to resist wind.The exterior walls of the residential buildings have few Windows,and the components of the inner enclosure are not permeable.The wooden components are used as the insulation layer.Roof,gable and other components,which plays a role of shading in daily climate conditions,to enhance thermal ventilation.Also,they are a critical part of reliable wind protection.The spatial system of settlements in southeast Fujian province has a linkage effect with the microclimate environment,and follows the principle of "adapting to the favourable climate environment,adjusting the unfavourable climate factors,and resisting the extreme climate disasters".At this time,this study expands the research horizon of climate adaptation,and scientifically reveals the spatial construction logic and spatial scale rules of its adaptation to different climatic conditions.