| After years of development,global climate governance has been increasingly improved in terms of governance bodies,negotiation mechanisms and international cooperation.In particular,the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 has brought global climate governance to a new stage.China played a crucial role in the passage of the Paris Agreement,in stark contrast to the US subsequent withdrawal from the agreement and the EU’s declining role in global climate governance.As China’s national strength increases and its participation in global affairs deepens,China’s role as a leader in global climate governance is becoming more and more prominent.This raises the question of China’s role in global climate governance.What role does China play in the history of global climate governance?How did the roles change?What factors influence this shift?How should China play a role in future global climate governance?It’s all worth studying.By introducing role theory,this paper combines realism with constructivism and tries to build a more comprehensive analysis framework and more accurate analysis of China’s role.Perspective based on the theory of the role,the role of China’s participation in global climate governance process can be divided into refused to role,acknowledged role and accept the role,and through the three variables to analyze the causes of the different stages of role,including national interests,national identity cognition and the international system,three variables at different times have different performance,individually or jointly affect China’s participation in global climate governance role.From the 1970 s to 1994,the Chinese perception of national interest is to get rid of poverty and realize the industrialization of the country,and the nascent global climate issues for China also only stay in the scientific research level,in the face of rapid economic development of realistic interests demand,China is not willing to pay more cost to participate in the climate,but only as a way into the international community.This stage coincides with the US-Soviet hegemony.As a latecomer,China realizes that development can be achieved only in a peaceful international environment.At the 13th National Congress of the Party,"Peace and Development is the theme of the contemporary world’" was officially proposed.With a deeper understanding of the theme of the times and the deepening of reform and opening up,China has also clearly defined its identity at this time,that is,"the developer of peace." At this time,the international environment was also more complicated.The rise of the Japanese economy and the take-off of the "Four Little Dragons" in Asia further stimulated China’s desire to develop its economy.The collapse of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the frustration of the international communist movement made China hope to integrate into the climate governance platform.The international community has changed the unfavorable international environment,and the decline in oil prices has provided China with good development opportunities in the early stages of reform and opening up,and has created a relatively relaxed international energy environment.These three factors have caused China’s passive participation in global climate governance,manifested as a rejection role.From 1995 to 2005,China gradually incorporated climate change into the range of influencing factors of the national economic development strategy.At this time,the goal of economic development changed to the pursuit of speed while also focusing on the quality of development,but in essence,the pursuit of the quality of economic development at this stage to serve the goal of speed of development.With the development of China’s economy,China wants to participate more in international affairs With the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the world has formed a situation of "one superpower and multiple powers." China played a role in the Asian financial crisis in 1997.These factors have clearly defined China.Identity recognition as a "responsible power".In terms of the international system,in the face of China’s "environmental threat theory",China has begun to strengthen environmental governance,improve the ecological situation,and scientifically assess the external impact of China’s environmental problems.The withdrawal of the United States from the "Kyoto Protocol"has led to the loss of the role of global climate governance leader.This has also objectively reduced China’s pressure to reduce emissions and created loose development conditions for the Chinese economy.China and the EU have increased their level of cooperation in climate change and strengthened China’s participation in global climate governance.During this period,international crude oil prices rose,but renewable and new energy were in their infancy,and their application costs were high.Therefore,China still tended to use coal and natural gas as a substitute,which made China’s participation in climate governance show two sides.These three factors made China’s participation in climate governance no longer negative compared to the previous stage,but showed a cautious and conservative attitude,manifesting itself in recognition of its role.The period from 2006 to 2015 spans the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.After nearly 30 years of reform and opening up,China’s economy has achieved world-renowned achievements,but by the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan period,it can be found that China has not escaped the development model of the traditional industrialization road.Mainly rely on large-scale resource consumption and high capital investment to achieve economic growth.Therefore,the transformation of the mode of economic development to the "Eleventh Five-Year" and "Twelfth Five-Year Periods" has become the country’s primary interest recognition.In 2010,China became the second largest economy in the world.The improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength has pushed China to shoulder more international responsibilities China’s identity as an emerging country is growing.In particular,China’s success in fending off the global financial crisis of 2008 reinforced its emerging identity.In the international arena,China is joined by other developing countries,which form the group of emerging countries.The group of emerging countries has injected new vitality into the world and changed the world pattern dominated by Europe and America.During this period,the global oil price fluctuated greatly,the growth of coal consumption was also very limited,and the use of new energy began to increase significantly.Driven by the development of science and technology,the international energy structure began to develop toward green energy,which also affected China’s participation in climate governance.Therefore,based on the cognition to the benefit of the comprehensive transformation of the pattern of economic development in China and emerging economies,the identity of the cognitive and the rise of emerging countries group and large and volatile international energy system,China at this stage is the participation of the governance of global climate on the role of acceptance,began to active and open participation in global climate governance.The Paris agreement is a landmark international convention on climate change.The"bottom-up" approach,based on the "voluntary" principle,has reduced the antagonism between developed and developing countries and increased the enthusiasm of all countries for implementing the agreement.But the post-Paris era has been overshadowed by the withdrawal of the US and the waning influence of the EU,and China’s role as a"leader" in global climate governance has begun to loom large.What makes China a leader in global climate governance in the"post-paris" era include the recognition of China’s economic interests as the "new normal",the recognition of China’s identity as the"increasingly approaching the center of the world stage",and the global governance system characterized by institutional fragmentation and lack of leadership.At this time,China proposed the "Community of Human Destiny",which is the "China plan" to solve the dilemma of global governance.This has a natural fit with climate governance.The concept of a community of human destiny has also become an important concept for China to participate in global climate governance in the new situation.Therefore,under the guidance of the "Community of Human Destiny",China actively implements the Paris Agreement,actively provides international climate public goods,and practices the role of"leader".Based on the above research on China’s role in global climate governance,this paper draws the following basic conclusions.First,China’s awareness of its own interests and identity are the most fundamental factors that determine China ’s role in global climate governance.Combining material and conceptual factors is different from realism."National interest is the most fundamental factor in the formation of foreign policy.The reason "is also different from the" national interest is the construction of the international system ",which combines realism and constructivism.This has formed the subjective perception of the country when facing interests.Facing the global climate governance platform established by Europe and the United States,China is more inclined to proceed from its own interests and identity,and based on its own awareness of interests and identity,enhance its ability to adapt to climate change,and ultimately be more effective and active Participate in global climate governance.Second,the change in China’s role in global climate governance is a sign of the transformation of the world’s power structure and a process of China’s gradual rise.This clarifies the basic mechanism of China’s role in global climate governance and can better guide China’s participation in climate diplomacy. |
