Development Of Nanoscale Electric-magnetic Imaging Equipment Based On Solid-state Spins In Diamond

The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond is a solid-state spin with excellent properties in a room temperature atmosphere.As a quantum probe for weak magnetic field and electric signal,it has inherent advantages in electromagnetic measurement and imaging.The millisecond-level quantum coherence property makes it have a very high sensing sensitivity;its electronic spin structure is localized at the atomic scale,making it have a high spatial resolution imaging capability at the nanometer scale.In the fields of rapidly developing biomolecules and two-dimensional materials,the arrangement of atoms and electrons determines the functions of molecules and materials.The NV center with single electron or even nuclear sensing sensitivity and nanoscale spatial imaging resolution in an ambient condition will have important applications in these fields.The research of the NV center can be traced back to the 1960s,but the quantum electromagnetic sensing technology based on the NV center has only been developed for less than two decades.Therefore,the electromagnetic field imaging equipment based on the NV center still has no formed commercial products,which makes this technology difficult to operate and inefficiency in practical applications.My doctoral work focuses on how to develop an efficient and stable imaging equipment,and I will explain its principles,structure,and applications in this paper.In this paper,I will conduct a systematic study on the development of a equipment based on NV center's nano-electromagnetic field imaging technology.The thesis will be divided into three parts:1.Through the introduction of the electron and spin level structures of the NV center in diamond,and on this basis,the polarization,quantum control and readout of the quantum state of the NV center are demonstrated.This part is a basis of the NV center as an electromagnetic sensing and imaging probes.2.This part will introduce the structure and function of the imaging equipment based on NV center's electromagnetic sensing and imaging technology.The sensing technology based on the NV center is mainly realized by using the quantum control of the NV center through the optical detected magnetic resonance equipment,thereby detecting the electromagnetic field signal.By making diamond into a probe,compatible with the atomic force scanning imaging system,an electromagnetic field scanning imaging equipment based on the NV center can be realized.This part is also the focus of the paper.We will focus on introducing and analyzing how to combine the atomic force scanning technology into the electromagnetic sensing technology of NV center.3.This part will introduce the electromagnetic field imaging technology and application based on NV center.Based on the development of the equipment,we have summarized and developed a series of imaging methods,as well as studied and analyzed the sensitivity and spatial resolution.In this section,we analyze and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods,and highlight the two new electromagnetic imaging technologies we have developed.These two technologies effectively compensate the deficiencies in the electromagnetic field imaging method based on the NV center so far.