Parallel Quantum Manipulation And Measurement Technology Based On Nitrogen Vacancy In Diamond

The nitrogen-vacancy center(NV center)in diamond has excellent coherence properties at room temperature atmosphere and its quantum state can be initialized and read out by the laser.Thus,the NV center is one of the promising quantum systems for quantum computation and quantum sensing.As a magnetic sensor,the NV center has high sensitivity and spatial resolution.And scientists have detected nanoscale magnetic resonance signals of single electron spin and nuclear spin with single NV center.In the past decade,application research of magnetic sensing based on NV centers has been extended to a wide range of fields,such as biology,medicine,condensed matter,etc.At present,the manipulation and measurement technologies for NV centers are based on the principle of optically detected magnetic resonance(ODMR),and laser confocal optical path is one of the main components.However,the laser confocal microscope can only measure NV centers within one laser spot and requires long-term measurements to accumulate effective signals,which makes quantum sensing based on single NV center inefficient for most scientific needs.Especially during long-term measurements,some short-lived samples,such as living cells or intermediates of chemical reactions,have deteriorated before finding valid signals.In order to meet the needs of these fields and demonstrate the scientific significance and application value of NV center in nanoscale magnetic resonance,measurement efficiency needs to be improved urgently.The realization of parallel quantum manipulation and measurement for hundreds or even thousands of single NV centers is the basis for improving the efficiency of quantum sensing.During my doctorate,I have been working on parallel quantum manipulation and measurement technologies in three aspects:developing a widefield ODMR microscope,parallel measurement technology for multiple single NV centers and Fourier encoding technology for single NV centers within the ensemble.This paper includes:1.I built a widefield ODMR microscope based on the optical part of a widefield microscope.This widefield platform realizes parallel quantum manipulation and measurement for all the NV centers in a field of view of 30 μm with a spatial resolution of 756 nm at room temperature atmosphere,which is the basis for subsequent parallel measurement platforms.2.I developed a parallel ODMR platform to address,manipulate,and read out multiple single NV centers in diamond.This platform uses a microlens array to produce a 20×20 laser spot lattice corresponding to a 20×20 nanopillar array,and achieves parallel detection of 80 single NV centers in this nanopillar array.I screened out 18 NV centers along the same direction for the demonstration of parallel quantum manipulation and measurement.3.To further improve detection throughput and extend parallel measurement technology to NV centers with arbitrary distribution,I built a parallel measurement platform based on a digital micromirror device.This platform uses a digital micromirror device to generate arbitrarily distributed multi-point laser spots,and each laser spot corresponds to one NV center.This platform realizes synchronous manipulation and parallel measurement for the quantum states of around 400 optically distinguishable single NV centers in a field of view of 26 μm.4.I introduce a gradient magnetic field into the widefield ODMR microscope and realize differentiation and synchronous measurement of multiple NV centers within the optical diffraction limit through Fourier encoding with a spatial resolution of about 70 nm.These technologies can respectively meet the need of cross-discipline research,and provide a method basis for high-throughput measurement based on NV centers.In the future,these technologies are expected to achieve important applications in biology,chemistry and other fields related to nanoscale magnetic resonance.