Research On The Academic History Of The Mohist Canons' Logic And Mathematical & Physics (1782-2009)

The Mohist Canons was the first scientific works.including in abundant knowledge of logic,mathematics and physics.It occupied an important position in the history of ancient science in China and even the world.It consisted of six chapters from Mozi.The six chapters were respectively The Canons and their Explanations(I),The Canons and their Explanations(II),The Major propositions and The Minor propositions.it named generalized the Mohist Canons.The first four chapters named narrow the Mohist Canons.The research object of the paper was the academic history of the Mohist Canons' s logic and mathematical knowledge.Its time of starting point was1782,which Bi yuan set out to write the article about annotations of the Motzu.Its time of termination was 2009,which the book about recordation of the Motzu who zhang zhihan acted as the main editor republished.The history of 227 years was divided into four periods:the mid qing dynasty(1782-1839),later qing dynasty,the republican period,and the modern era(1949-2009),interpreting,analyzing and commenting nearly a thousand books had been written by over 180 authors.those books involving three questions.First of all,was there any logic in ancient China? Lu Sheng who was born in Jin dynasty made a new definition and specific explanation about the concept “name”in the preface about explaination of the Mohist Canons.Fushan explained Logic thinking of right and wrong,name and reality,similarities and differences,especially attaching importance to the analysis Logic thinking of the concept of “name”.the mid qing dynasty.Mid qing studied semantic development and the problem of “different names but the same reality”.later qing dynasty.Sun yirang Proofreading logic text of the Mohist Canons in Annotation on Motzu and mining the factors of logical thought;Using western logical terms to compare and analyze the logic knowledge in the Mohist Canons.Liang qichao initiated advocated earlier about research of philosophical connotations and comparative research of Mohist logic.The republican period,western logic was introduced.The tide of Mohist logic research had been heated up by Hushi,Liangqichao,Zhang taiyan,Zhangshizhao,Yangkuan,Duguoxiang.Hushi mainly discussed inference of Mohist logic.Through the comparison of logic about Chinese,western and Indian.in order to understand the characteristics and advantages of the Mohist Canons.Zhangtaiyan discussed the three logical systems of Chinese and western and India on expression of argumen for the first time.Zhangshizhao used western logic knowledge to compare and explain the Mohist's thinking form theory and its thinking rule.At the same time,scholars discussed such issues as a special reading way,the relationship between master and Mohist,a special striking sign and the method of studying Mohist.Modern scholars who studied Mohist logic,which the mainland had Zhanjianfeng,Tanjiefu,Wufeibai,Wangliji,Wengongyi,Sunzhongyuan,etc.Hong Kong and Taiwan had Yan lingfeng and Shi moqing,as well as Momu Gangbo,Liyunjiu,Ge ruihan and Lishaokun,etc.All recognized there was logic in ancient China,which was called “ming theory” and "dialectics".Second,what was the difference between ancient Chinese mathematics and western mathematics? Since Zouboqi discovered that there was Chinese and the Western algorithm in the Mohist Canons later qing dynasty.Sun yirang and some other scholars began to apply Elements of Geometry to explain mathematical concepts of “zhong”“hou”.In the republican period.Zhangtaiyan also analyzed the concepts of “ping”“yuan”.But it didn't involve the shapes of triangle and Pythagorean.It was pointed out that there were differences between Chinese and western in analyzing mathematics:China applied mathematics first,then explained its principles,while the west didn't.In modern times,Zhanjianfeng believed that the points(ends)and lines(feet)were concrete rather than abstract in mozi's mind.Meirongzhao believed the definition of “flat”was “same height”,which was exact.If using “geometrical originally” would explain “flat”for “parallel”,It was improper.It could be seen that Meirongzhao believed that Chinese geometry was different from the original geometry.Ancient Chinese mathematics was also different from ancient Greek mathematics,that is,Chinese mathematics had its own unique knowledge system.Third,was there any science in ancient China?In the mid-qingdynasty,Although Yuyue denied and criticized the viewpoint that modern mechanical and optics originated from the Mohist Canons.But at least it could show that the Mohist Canons had the bud germination of mechanical and optics.later qing dynasty,Zouboqi was the first to recognize the knowledge of natural science in the Mohist Canons.Chenfeng used optical knowledge of concave lens and convex lens to interpret the entries of the Mohist Canons.Yintongyang used knowledge of modern western science to explain the knowledge of “force” and “scene” in the Mohist Canons.Luantiao-fu interpreted the knowledge of gravity and optics to explain the science of the Mohist Canons.Modern scholars such as Fangxiaobo,Yang xiangkui,Zhanjianfeng,Jiangbaochang,Jinqiupeng,Qianlinzhao,Hong zhenhuan and Dainianzu all agreed knowledge that natural science of mechanics and optics in.For example,Fang xiaobo divided the contents of narrow the Mohist Canons into four categories.The fourth category was classified as natural science and its application in technology.He also elaborated 10 basic physical concept such as time and space,Each of mechanics and optics has 8 items in the Mohist Canons.Some scholars in the domestic academic circle and the history of science believed that “ancient China had only technology but no science”.In this view,Dainianzu et all believed that although ancient China lacked of Archimedes' mathematical method and Aristotle's logical deduction,the theory of Chinese ancestors' experience was also a science.In addition,in order to further analyze and verify the “ The Mohist Canons ”.contained logic,mathematics,physics and other natural scientific knowledge,On the basis of previous work,this paper re-understanded and re-studied the three concepts of “Ming”,“duan” and “li” in The Mohist Canons.Thus it was proved that they contained the germination of logic,mathematics and physics.Finally,this paper summarized the remarkable achievements of three aspects made by over 180 scholars when they studied the logic and mathematical knowledge of the Mohist Canons during 227 years.It was proved that ancient China not only had logic and science,but also had a unique mathematical system that different from western Euclid's original geometry.At the same time,it also pointed out the problems in the study of the Mohist Canons in terms of school-based,methodological and subjective aspects.This paper expounded three inspirations from the study of the Mohist Canons:freedom,questioning and innovation.This paper analyzed the general situation of the study of the Mohist Canons:in the new period,and looks into the future prospect of the study of “the Mohist Canons ”.