| Mealybugs,belonging to Hemiptera,Coccoidae.More than 270 genera and about 2000 species are recorded in the word.Planococcini and Trabutini belonging to Pseudococcidae,Pseudococcinae.Currently,there are approximately 78 genera and 296 species in the word,of which 11 genera and 59 species are known from China.Due to their small size,strong fertility,wide range of distribution,some of which can infest crops and garden plants,causing leaves and fruits drop,branches wilt,and even whole plants died.Therefore,it is of great significance to study these two tribes.More than 1000 Planococcini and Trabutini mealybug slides are observed in this study.Morphological characteristics are studied under the optical microscope.At the same time,phylogenetic studies based on COI(cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1),28S rDNA(large ribosomal subunit gene D2 and D3 region)and morphological date are used to analyse the phylogeny within the Chinese mealybugs.In addition,geographical distribution of these two tribes are also elaborated.The results are as follows:1.Planococcini and Trabutini are 11 genera and 59 species totally recorded in China(Planococcini has 6 genera and 43 species,and Trabutini has 5 genera and 16 species).In this study,31 Planococcini and Trabutini species are described in detail(Planococcini has 5 genera and 23 species,and Trabutini has 3 genera and 8 species).Among them,including one newly recorded genus from mainland China,Paracoccus Ezzat&McConnell;5 new species,Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang&Wu(Published),Formicococcus baiyunensis Zhang&Wu sp.n.,F.delonicolus Zhang&Wu sp.n.,Paraputo platani Zhang&Wu(Published),Pa.yunnanensis Zhang&Wu(Published);4 newly recorded species from China,C.azaleae(Tinsley),Pa.banzigeri Williams,Planococcus bambusifolii(Takahashi),Pl.japonicus Cox;one newly recored species from mainland China,Paracoccus marginatus Williams&Granara de Willink.We also propose 5 new combinations,C.tremae(Borchsenius),F.citricola(Tang),F.liui(Borchsenius),F.sinensis(Borchsenius),Pa.rhizophilus(Borchsenius);two generic synonyms,Anaparaputo Borchsenius with Formicococcus Takahashi,Drymococcus Borchsenius with Paraputo Laing;and one species synonym,Pl.litchi Cox with Pl.planococcoides(Borchsenius).In addition,53 figures are illustrated,including 29 female adults,16 third-instar females,4 second-instar females,2 second-instar males and 2 first-instar nymphs.Keys to genera and species of these two tribes in China are also given.2.Based on molecular and morphological data from 88 mealybugs belonging to 43 genera,the phylogeny of China pseudococcid are studied for the first time.The result shows that,two principal clades within mealybugs from China samples are obtained,which equated to the subfamily of Pseudococcinae and Phenacoccinae.Whitin Pseudococcinae,three major clades are recognized that equated to the Pseudococcini,Planococcini,Trabutini.For each subfamily,we provide a morphological diagnosis.The legless mealybugs:Antonina,Nesticoccus and Chaetococcus are not on the related clade and thus we confirmed that the subfamily Sphaerococcinae are not monophyletic.In addition,our molecular and morphological data also suggest that the genera Allotrionymus,Atrococcus,Crisicoccus,Dysmicoccus,Formicococcus,Mirococcopsis,Paraputo,Planococcus,Pseudococcus,Trionymus are not monophyletic.3.According to the data of the geographical distribution,data of genera and species in Planococcini and Trabutini from China are analysed.In the world geographical distribution of these two tribes,in generic level,the Palaearctic region and the Oriental region are the highest in Planococcini and the Oriental region is the highest in Trabutini;on species level,the Oriental region is the highest in both tribes.In the China geographical distribution of these two tribes,the South China region has the highest richness on the generic level in Planococcini and the Central China region has the highest richness on the generic level in Trabutini,and South China region has the highest richness on species level in these two tribes.In addition,there are 33 species belonging to the two tribes,occupying 54.2%of the tribes,which shows that China may be the center of mealybug species occurrence.All specimens studied are deposited in the Insect Collection,the Department of Forestry Protection,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China(BFUC),except Paraputo porosus Borchsenius and Pa.szemaoensis(Borchsenius)are deposited in Zoological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences,St.Petersburg,Russia(ZRAS). |
