The Plant Print Apparent And Anatomical Structural And Systematic Evolution Study Of 17 Genera In Liliaceae

Based on Plant print patent technique,15 genera 33 species of Liliaceae's plant print characteristics are collected by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope method,then analyzed by mathematical statistics.Results show that the stomatal complex types and stomatal guard cells' radial wall mosaic types of test plants are varied,with obvious differences.The test plant's plant print types can be summarized into 8 main types.Based on microstructure and ultrastructure of leaves' stomatal types,anticlinal wall mosaic types and epidermic accessories,the anticlinal wall mosaic types of test plants can be classified into 7 types: type A,type C,type F,type G,type H,type I and type L.Stomata complex types and anticlinal wall mosaic types of Liliaceae are collected by numerical classification method and phytotaxonomy method,then analyze with numerical characteristics of the plants'.Result show that there are many similar feathers between species of Liliaceae,and Liliaceae are classified naturally by their relationship.Which means the stomata complex types and anticlinal wall mosaic types can be considered as important characteristics.For enrich and perfect plant print classification,this study select 33 species of Liliaceae for statistical analysis,the length,width,perimeter,area of guard cells and the perimeter,area of epidermal cells were measured and analyzed.The results show that the characteristics of stomatal complex,anticlinal walls form,characteristic mean,correlation between characteristics and the optimal linear regression equation can effectively identify the plants' characteristic between genera or species in the genus,have a certain feasibility and accuracy.In this study,17 species of Liliaceae leaves are deissected and compared for anatomy study,results show that long columnar mesophyll structure is observed in 3 plants,which is similar to palisade tissue in bifacial leaves' structure.Reticulate veins,spiral thickening of vessel elements of secondary xylem are also observed,which was never reported.This study is base on the study of Dr.Gao and Dr.Wu's research in 2010 and 2015,their study support this study.Dr.Gao researched the structure of leaves and stems of 5 species of Aconitum L..The results show that Aconitum kusnezoffii has a number of evolutionary features: quasi atactosteles in the stem;absence of intrafascicular cambia in the vascular bundles of the stem;isolateral leaf mesophyll that is not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues;vascular bundle sheaths in the leaf vein that have evolved into kranz structures that are similar to those seen in C4 monocots.And confirmed that A.kusnezoffii was a transitional type of plant in the structural evolution of dicots to monocots,could be classed as a living fossil plant.Dr.Wu researched stem,leaf and petiole of 17 genera in Ranunculaceae,and a number of evolutionary feathers are collected: quasi atactosteles in the stem;isolateral leaf mesophyll that is not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues;absence of intrafascicular cambia in the vascular bundles of the stem;vascular bundle sheaths in the leaf vein that have evolved into kranz structures that are similar to those seen in C4 monocots.Their study supported Hutchinson and Tamura's theory that the Ranunculales are ancient precursors of the monocots.The main found of this study is that the original structure of bifacial leaves can be observed in the Liliaceae plants' mesophyll,which was considered as advanced,this result shows that the evolutionary of Liliaceae plants are not complete.The reticulate veins and spiral thickening of vessel elements of secondary xylem observed in the Liliaceae plants' leaves also support this found.This evolutionary structure observed shows that Liliaceae are transitional types between the dicotyledon and monocotyledon,which support a new micro indentification for the evolutionary of Liliaceae.And the evolution of the structure of Liliaceae are not synchronized with Ranunculaceae's,shows that the evolution of Liliaceae are not completed.The remaining of reticulate veins and bifacial leaves' mesophyll of Ranunculaceae in the Liliaceae structure also support Wu Zhengyi's hypothesis that the evolution direction of dicotyledon to monocotyledon is from Ranunculaceae to Liliaceae.In order to determine the feasibility of remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.Ophiopogon japonicus was taken as research object,four kinds of soils collected in different places were compared,and the contents of heavy metals in the four groups were different,After the end of the experiment,the number of root,the longest root length and average root elongation,root shoot ratio and other parameters were analyzed respectively.