The Study Of Plant Print Apparent Structural And System Evolution Of 17 Genus In Ranunculaceae

The study on the abaxial leaf epidermises of 47 families, 90 genera, and 192 species medicinal plants in Changbai Mountain and beyond Jilin province were observed with optical microscopy using the Plant Print technology. The plant print images were used to summarized, arrangement and classification, found that plant print guard cells and accessory cells of stomata and epidermal cells arranged complexly. The characters of the Plant Print were summarized to be 22 types, including:(1) epidermal cells anomocytic.(2) subsidiary cells indefinite decussate.(3) subsidiary cells 3 anisocytic.(4) 2 accessory cells paracytic.(5) 2 accessory cells inequipolar.(6) 3-4 subsidiary cells cyclocytic.(7) subsidiary cells laterocytic.(8) subsidiary cells staurocytic.(9) subsidiary cells actinocytic.(10) subsidiary cells polygonal.(11) subsidiary cells auritate.(12) stomata disparate.(13) subsidiary cells cyclocytic with multiple digitation.(14) accessory cells and epidermal cells ranged I–shaped.(15) accessory cells and epidermal cells ranged line-styled.(16) epidermis cell Wall-type.(17) guard cells and epidermal cells were staurocytic, short cell distributed randomly.(18) subsidiary cells elephant ear type.(19) epidermal cells long diameter shorten, guard cells columnar, subsidiary cells triangle.(20) reniform guard cell monocotyledon without long short epidermis cells.(21) dumbbell-shape guard cell monocotyledon with long short epidermis cells, subsidiary cells triangle.The results indicated that medicinal plants could be effectively identified according to the types of Plant Print characters, anticlinal wall and appendages of the leaf epidermises. Also found anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells J, K, L, three kinds of new type, including Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Regel, Ranunculaceae for K type, anticlinal walls were moniliform.To combine the plant print characteristics and quantitative classification with classical taxonomy of plants, for the research of 49 kinds of Ranunculaceae plants about the types of anticlinal walls, guard cell level and characteristic parameters, found many similar characteristics in the species, shows that the plants within a genus was a natural group. Simultaneously also confirmed that the leaf epidermis and the stomatal types can be used as the important characteristics for distinguishing intergeneric or interspecific plants.The plant print characters(the length, width, perimeter and area of guard cells, etc) of 17 plants of Ranunculaceae(including Ranunculus franchetii de Boiss., Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Regel,Aconitum volubile Pall. ex Koeue,Anemone raddeana Regel, Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde,Halerpestes cymbalaria(Pursh) Green,Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. ex Fisch. et Mey., Caltha palustris L.,Eranthis stellata Maxim.,Cimicifuga foetida L. et al.) were measured and statistically analyzed. The research suggests that we can identify intergeneric or interspecific plants effectively from Plant Print characteristics, epidermal cells, the form of anticlinal wall,the average of each characteristic pattern of coloration of a plant and significant correlations the best multiple equations of linear regression and among each characteristic pattern of coloration of a plant and other aspects, satisfy the accuracy and feasibility.Anatomic study about stems, leaves, petiole of Ranunculaceae plants shows that: the content of 12 kinds of plants including Pulsatilla chinensis prossess the rare parallel veins, the mesophyll of Eranthis stellata without palisade tissue and spongy tissue, no fascicular cambium in vascular, the mesophyll tissue which the structure lik monocotyledonous plants. Anemone prossess atactostele, the vascular bundle of Ranunculus chinensis and the others arrange with two-layer, "V" shape is similar with the vascular bundle of Primary structure of stem in Zea mays. imitate-atactostele, without fascicular cambium, and Oryza sativa type circled stem structures appeared in ranunculaceae plants, are transitional type as dicotyledon evolved to monocotyledon, this article support the viewpoint that ranunculales is the ancestor of monocotyledon proposed by Tamura.Take Caltha palustris as an examples explore the evolutional structures of ranunculaceae evolved to monocotyledon, Caltha palustris is fibrous root system, it’s primary structure is similar with the root anatomy of monocotyledon rice, there are a lot ofsoluble aerenchyma in the cortex of root, like the spokes in the wheel; Atactostele in petiole of Caltha palustris, xylem vessel of vascular bundle shows atipycal V-shape, without fascicular cambium and so on, all evolved evolutive structures like monocotyledon, but it’s leaves still remain the features of bifacial leaf about dicotyledons, and still not been observed parallel venation, this result proved that the evolution course of plants organ morphology is not exactly the same, also support the viewpont that monocotyledons is evolved by dicotyledons from the sidelines.Above all, the writer regards that the anatomical structure of part of ranunculaceae plants are transitional type as dicotyledon evolved to monocotyledon, this article provide the detailed basis in morphology and internal structure of the evolutionary position during phylogeny of ranunculaceae, the experimental results also explain the question the origin of monocotyledon effectively.