Research On GIS Spatio-temporal Data Model For Building Construction Process

As the most important part of the artificial environment,building is the core of spatial infrastructure in smart city,which is also the basic resources of the construction engineering information.From the surface model of the building,internal-external integration model and spatio-temporal dynamic model,they can accurately describe the urban morphology,and also record of a city's development process.Based on the development of dynamic building data model,which need further integration of city and engineering perspective,the geographic information can draw more spatio-temporal data resources from the field of architecture information,and at the same time,it can provide a reference for engineering information management.The building data structure model characterized by internal and external integration provides a good foundation for the construction of the spatio-temporal building model in geographical spatio-temporal evolution environment,it can provide support for the building application during its lifecycle including structure plan,design,construction,operation and dismantle so as to brace the whole lifecycle application of building informatization.The research of spatio-temporal building data model with spatio-temporal characteristics is a new revolution to the traditional geographical information technology building model,it will effectively promote the transition from static cognition to dynamic analysis of buildings.As one of the most important process in the lifecycle of buildings,construction process is the extension of the application of architectural design model,and its dynamic process needs the support of both the architectural design modeling and the spatio-temporal data model.The building data model of digital city,like CityGML,mainly established the static model of building and lack the supports of spatio-temporal and evolution characteristics of building.Data exchange is required to be considered in the field of building during the different links of lifecycle for BIM,however,due to lack of support for the spatio-temporal characteristics,spatio-temporal relations as well as spatio-temporal coupling mechanism of the target,it cannot effectively express the evolution process during the construction.This paper combines the spatio-temporal geographic information data model theory with high precision geometric model in the building information and establish spatio-temporal building data model characterized by internal and external integration which can both effectively reinforce the GIS expression of spatio-temporal architecture and support the informatization of construction process.Based on the geographic information model theory with six basic elements,including semantic,location,geometry,relations,attributes,and evolution,this paper establish a GIS spatio-temporal data model for the construction process which provides the modeling support for the visualization of the evolution process and spatio-temporal calculation in construction.The research in this paper follows professional knowledge of construction techniques and methods.This paper proceeds is as follow.(1)The level of spatio-temporal detail model of construction processConsidering the different needs of construction process cognition of specialization and popularization,this paper propos the level of process detail model(LOPD)of construction based on the levels of detail method.Based on the space hierarchy of building object,building space,building component,building materials and construction,this model describes the spatio-temporal characteristics of objects under different space levels,relations between objects and the coupling mechanism respectively,moreover,it provides the basic theory for the construction evolution.The level of construction process detail model mingles space and time in an integrated model in order to establish spatio-temporal process evolution mechanism that caters to different demand levels,in this sense,it can provide the basic theory for spatio-temporal data model in construction process.(2)construction object model based on the building componentThis paper studies the characteristics of the concept,geometry and attributes of building component and analyzes the pivotal role of building component during the construction project evolution and its lifecycle and a construction model based on the building component is also proposed in this paper,it is based on the internal and external integration of building model and can support the requirements of different level evolution process.Meanwhile,the construction technology,evolution feature and temporal pattern are also analyzed to propose a construction technique evolution model based on the professional knowledge of construction.Among them,there are two patterns of construction technique model-the technic period and geometry decomposition,both of which can support the gradual change and geometry mutations of building components.The construction object model based on building component put forward an effective extension of building attributes in physics,chemistry and society and it can also support the dynamic visualization of component granularity.(3)The construction of spatio-temporal data model of construction processThe paper analyzes the space and time characteristics of construction process dominated by human activities and proposes a spatio-temporal conceptual model data which contains four parts of driver,events,states and processes.The spatio-temporal conceptual model provided the basic theory support for the expression of construction evolution process.On the terms of virtual time and real time,the construction process is divided into two different types.The virtual time and building model is connected by the process model and the real time while the building model is connected by event model which union the time and space in an integrated construction model.What's more,a spatio-temporal characteristics coding method of building component is proposed which take the position,space hierarchy and construction period of component into consideration.The spatio-temporal code connected the time of the construction task and building data model which supports the establishment of construction process model.Lastly,the basic charateristics of construction activity is analyzed.The spatio-temporal data model of construction practice is established which contains construction activity,event and building data model state,driven by the factor of construction task.The construction process data model combined virtual time and real time together to provide a comprehensive modeling support for analog simulation of construction process and spatio-temporal calculation.(4)Construction of spatio-temporal process based on architectural drawingThis paper analyzes the extraction rule and sequence of techniques information in architectural working drawing.It also establishes integrated method that oriented to the construction process to extract the data information.Based on the construction spatio-temporal data proposed in this paper,an evolution prototype system is established,with a four-tier architecture of data layer like model layer,functional layer,and visualization layer.Construction process information was formed integrally through along with data extraction,technology modeling,procedure modeling and activity modeling.The experiment results verified spatio-temporal data model proposed in this paper.The GIS spatio-temporal data model oriented to construction process is a cross problem in building science and geo-informatics.This paper is intend to promote the related theory and construction method of temporal building data model,boost the elaborate semantic building data model evolve to the spatio-temporal elaborate semantic data model so as to offer data modeling supports for the mingle of evolution in macroscopic geographical and the application of the building lifecycle under microcosmic engineering environmental management.