A Study On Chinese Enterprises' Impetus To Participate In Modern Apprenticeship

In national policy documents,there have been many suggestions and regulations about promoting enterprises' participation in vocational education.Especially in 2017,“Some Suggestions from General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Integration of Production and Education” was issued and it specifically pointed out that “strengthening the main role of enterprises”.Afterwards,the Ministry of Education and other five departments jointly issued “Methods of Promoting Cooperation between Schools and Enterprises for Vocational Schools”.China focuses more and more on the important role of enterprises in vocational education.Actually,in our school-based vocational education system,the integration of production and education as well as the cooperation between schools and enterprises has been the basic mode of school running.Moreover,in national effort to promote the mode of school running and talent training model of vocational education,modern apprenticeship pilot learned from the experience of vocational training with dual system in Germany,which is an important way of promoting mechanical and technical talent training.Enterprises' participation is the basis of implementing modern apprenticeship in vocational education.However,previous studies on the cooperation between schools and enterprises over the years show that Chinese enterprises showed little interest in participation.It has been a key problem how to strengthen the important role of enterprises in modern apprenticeship for vocational education.We can learn from the experience that training enterprises accumulated in the dual system of German vocational education,the perfect example of modern apprenticeship,formed on the basis of the traditional handicraft industry.Under what condition would German enterprises participate in the dual system of vocational education? What were the impetuses of German training enterprises' participation in modern apprenticeship of vocational education? How did these impetus come up? What are the representations in China? This study explores the enterprises' participation impetus in vocational education of German dual system and the reasons why the enterprises' participation impetus are insufficient in Chinese modern apprenticeship.The previous studies found that enterprises' participation in modern apprenticeship of vocational education is the result of the interaction between enterprises,schools and external factors,which need to be further analyzed.The study of enterprises' participation in vocational education did not only need to be studied on a top-down macro-level,that is to say,from the external factors such as the relations between the nation and enterprises,economic impetus,etc.,it needed also to involve enterprises' running details and the study of enterprise needed.Considering this,we adopted qualitative method which takes constructionism as its basis of methodology as well as quantitative method which seeks objective and universal rules.And this study constructed the impetus model of enterprises' participation in modern apprenticeship of vocational education based on field investigation in the enterprises' participation factors and its formation in vocational education of German dual system and analyzed the reasons for the phenomena and the reason and result relations between them according to the literature analysis.Then taking this as a referential criteria for Chinese enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship,based on field investigation in China,this study analyzed and contrasted the similarities and differences in these impetuses between German and Chinese enterprises,with an aim to understand more deeply the participation impetus of enterprises and the reason for them.At the same time,a certain amount of quantitative data of the status of Chinese enterprises human resources and its participation of modern apprenticeship was collected to support for qualitative research interview.The study found that there were three impetus models influencing the enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship,namely,behavior and result impetus,social impetus and internal control impetus.First,behavior and result impetus meant that enterprises could have qualified professionals who could meet their needs and training benefits including comparative advantage,quality advantage and identification advantage.It was the anticipated result of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship.Secondly,social impetus refers to external and social pressure that enterprises have.In this study,it meant the influence of qualified professional supply from external labor market,the age structure of enterprises,birth rate,staff flow,the students' willingness to get further education as well as learning foundation on enterprises' technical needs.Meanwhile,social and cultural influence could not be ignored,as the inheritance of apprenticeship and the social responsibilities of enterprises were the external drive for enterprises to participate in vocational education with modern apprenticeship.Finally,the enterprises' skill density,fineness of labor division and flatness degree of organization were the internal control impetus of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship.All in all,these internal factors influenced and determined the quantity and quality requirements of labor in an enterprise,and influenced the impetus of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship.All the factors stated above were not independent,instead,they were interwoven and worked on the impetus of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship together.Based on the theories and experimental research,this study pointed out that,as the behavior body,the development model that an enterprise chose was the basis of human resource strategy.It can not only represent the educational feature of vocational education with modern apprenticeship to break the walls between vocational education training and internal enterprise training to complete the transition of students from school to occupation,it can also improve the learning effect and efficiency of students,the training quality of vocational schools and colleges,as well as the internal training quality and efficiency of an enterprise.To sum up,this study constructed the impetus model of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship,contrasted the features and differences in these factors between German and Chinese enterprises,revealed the reason and result relation between impetuses of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship.This study can help to analyze the reason for the influence of Chinese enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship,and it can offer reminding in cooperative enterprise selection for Chinese vocational education with modern apprenticeship.At the same time,it can offer suggestions for further related studies.And most important of all,in the contrast between impetuses of enterprises' participation in vocational education with modern apprenticeship,the study of enterprises was considered in vocational education research,which could help to consider the development of vocational education in an enterprise perspective,so the important role of enterprises could be realized in the construction of modern apprenticeship in vocational education.