Regional Ecological Land Use Planning Management:Theoretical Perspective And Method Framework

Human land use behavior,especially ecological land use management is one of the most important factors to impact natural ecological change.And now in China,lack of protection for ecological land is inducing a comprehensive and fast process of natural ecological degradation.And the problems are mainly reflected by ecological damage of different construction,ecological land decrease and function degradation caused by cultivated land supplement,unreasonable alteration to ecological land in farmland consolidation,current management system's difficulty to satisfy the requirement of land ecological protection's demand,and unbalance of ecological land protection between urban and rural area.The direct reason is the lack of ecological land protection management system's supply,especially lack of system for ecological land planning design and implementation management.The deeper reason may be the traditional theories and methods of ecological land protection management are difficult to satisfy the solution of complex ecological problems.So,how to put forward a effective perspective of regional ecological land use planning management,build method approach to realize it,and develop current system and policies will be a important research thesis,and this is the main object of the paper.Based on the theoretical research at home and abroad,and international comparison on ecological land use planning management,this paper put forward a important perspective of ecosystem diversity,discussed its theoretical connotation and the method framework for its realization.At last,gave relevant policy advice according to the positive research.This paper reviewed the literatures from natural ecological protection and land use management.And discovered that to protect ecosystem diversity had been the key of natural ecological protection,which had been realized effectively by combination with land use planning and management.In China,land ecological degradation existed commonly,and many people explored the management concept and spatial planning of ecological land use.But their perspectives were still based the ecosystem's function process,and system design of land use management was insufficient.Then,by discussion on sustainable development,ecological economics and so on,this paper considered that ecological land use planning management should be oriented by ecological regulations in paradigm of ecological economics,and should build policy system of multiple benefit.On this basis,this paper made a international comparison on ecological land use planning management,summarized the main experiences of USA,Germany,Netherlands,Japan and Chinese Taiwan,analyzed the development and characters of China from 4 periods of start,system's building,system's preliminary improvement and system's overall development.As a whole,Chinese ecological land use planning management system had been established,and promoted the practice of ecological land protection efficiently.But for the future,we need to go on improving the relevant laws,extend the range of planning management to common regions,strengthen ecological land use planning management in laws and administration of land resources management,make the land resources management department to harmonize the land use structure optimization and spatial pattern management better,respond to the international progress in time,and strengthen combination of public participation and natural protection.Based on the theoretical research and international comparison,this paper put forward a basic perspective of ecosystem diversity for regional ecological land use planning management.The paper discussed its concept,characters and functions,summarized its serviceability and value in ecological land use planning management for 4 aspects,that showed in:Firstly,it was the most efficient way of genetic and species diversity protection.Secondly,it was beneficial to protect diverse ecological processes under the conditions of people's poor recognition to ecological function's process.Thirdly,it was beneficial to harmonize with land use decision in spatial scale.Fourthly,it was beneficial to satisfy people's diverse requirement.From economic point of view,traditional mentality of externality internalization in price and property rights mechanism could hardly suit the ecosystem's complexity.Ecological land use planning management based the perspective of ecosystem diversity was in paradigm of ecological economics.As a public goods in the mass,the spatial planning of ecosystem diversity protection could supply public and private blendable goods,meanwhile it was essentially a insurance mechanism to ecosystem change's uncertainty,and also could be understood as the safe minimum standards in ecological protection.Additionally,it was beneficial to optimize the externality supply,reduce the transaction costs and cultivate the ideology of ecological protection.From the economic characteristics of ecosystem diversity goods,the ecosystem diversity protection need governmental intervention and compulsory supply.In protection ways that need to emphasize the design of public participation mechanism and compensation mechanism to benefit loss people.According to the theoretical connotation of ecosystem diversity,referring to current research and practice,this paper established a comprehensive method framework of regional ecological land use planning management that combined "top-down" method process of spatial planning and "bottom-up" method process of executive management.In the meaning of methodology,the importance of this framework lied in solving the limitation of problems division and single object oriented methodology in traditional land use planning management.In this framework,based the principles of holism,continuity,naturalness,representation etc.,"top-down" method process mainly concentrated in planning the spatial blue print of regional ecological land,"bottom-up" method process mainly concentrated in improving planning blue print,making planning regulation rules of different ecological land and providing policy references for the planning implementation by field and public investigation.This paper gave systematical process and content of the framework.Applying the theoretical perspective of ecosystem diversity and the method framework of planning management,this paper did a positive research in Taixing,Jiangsu province.The research showed that the spatial planning blue print could include the main ecological process suited to local natural characters,select the most important ecological land parcel and form the whole pattern with good connectivity,harmonize with the current land use planning management system,and also be accepted by the public commonly.Based on field and public investigation,this paper gave particular planning regulation rules on different types of ecological land.The harmony to the confliction with current land use was decided by if the region could have a preferential and restrictive ecological land use planning system,and concepts of land use beneficial to ecological protection.By investigation to the public,the paper revealed that regional land ecological quality was declining commonly.Ecosystem diversity's decline and ecological degradation had obvious correlation.The management and recognition to ecological environment still focused on pollution management,lacked of recognition to the land use structure change's influence to ecological environment in landscape orientation.Although people's landscape preference and recognition to indicators representing the land ecological quality didn't show clear difference,practical behavior selection and policy tendency on ecological land use management still preferred to economic benefits obviously.This also reflected the impendency on ecological land use planning management.For administration,people payed common attention on strengthening the function of land resources management department in ecological land use management,improving relevant laws,emphasizing the ecological land use planning layout and strengthening the checkup on ecological influence of land use behaviour.In conclusion,this paper put forward policy advice from 7 aspects of,firstly,to improve ecological land use protection's law system,especially to strengthen ecological land use protection's prescripts in the law of land management;secondly,to strengthen the planning and implementation management of regional ecological land use protection,establishing holistic ecological land use protection network,making explicit planning regulation rules,and enhancing system insurance;thirdly,to improve the administration management mechanism of different departments' collaboration,intensifying the land resources management department's managing and harmonizing functions to landscape orientation's ecological process from the points of land use structure optimization;fourthly,to strengthen the public participation in regional ecological land use protection,respecting and guiding public ecological demand,paying more attention to design of public experience to nature;fifthly,to promote the response to international advanced experience in natural protection;sixthly,to strengthen propaganda and education on ecological land protection,promoting public participation level on regional ecological land use planning management;and seventhly,to set up investigation and updating mechanism of regional ecological fundamental information.