| Tourism is one of the forms of man-land relationship. The geographical environment provides the space and carrier for the activities of tourism enterprises, tourists and tourism administration departments. The above behavior, in turn, enriches the geographical spatial elements, and change the state of geographical landscape. In the period of social transition, the regional distribution of tourism resources and tourist district objectively requires the government across the restrictions of administrative divisions during spacial management. Further more, spatio-temporal variation of tourism industry increases to strengthen the regional tourism spatial imbalance, which influences the fairness and justice of spatial configuration of tourism factors.And it’s necessary to optimize the spacial management of tourism industry.Based on spacial governance theory as a guide, adhere to the "Temporal evolution→Spacial differentiation→Perspective of spatio-temporal variation→Spacial governance→Spacial reconstruction" logical train of thought, by discussing the the challenges of temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of tourism industry in Hubei province, the paper seek to reconstruct the regional tourism industry taking spacial governance theory as guidance, so as to achieve the rational allocation of regional tourism elements and promote the coordinated development of regional tourism industry. In this paper, the main research conclusions are as following:The temporal evolution of tourism are greatly influenced by economic factors. According to the tourism income of foreign exchange in Hubei province from 1980 to 2013, the tourism industry in Hubei province can be divided into four time series, that is from 1980 to 1988, from 1989 to 1998, from 1999 to 2008, from 2009 to present. From the above sequence evolution, every great fluctuation in the tourism industry in Hubei province are strongly aligned with the change of the macroeconomic environment at home and abroad. The formulation and implementation of development strategy of Hubei’s tourism industry should consider the change of economic factors, and make timely adjust.The space imbalance of tourism industry between different administrative regions in Hubei province is obvious. Absolute difference reflects the administrative area in Hubei province tourism indicators such as VOC and S is higher, and in a rising trend. Among them, the VOC rose from 55.1411 in 2005 to 393.3605 in 2013, increased by 6.13 times. The S rose from 4.1100 in 2005 to 6.4971 in 2013. During the above nine years, the average S of tourism industry in Hubei province is as high as 5.8548, much higher than other provinces at the same time. The two groups of indicators reflecting the level of tourism development of Hubei province concentration is very high. The provincial tourism economic development is imbalance, and regional tourism industry is obviously characterized by the imbalance of space.Tourism city with high specialization states has more abundant tourism resources of occurrence. From 2005 to 2013, according to the growing locational quotient of tourism industry in Hubei province, the status of tourism in the national economy continues is improving too. Among them, the average location quotients of Shennongjia forest region, Enshi, Wuhan, Shiyan, and Yichang city state is relatively high, there were 10.0181,1.6568,1.4259,1.6568 and 1.4259. They were the five cities with highest specialization rate of tourism industry in Hubei province. The three lowest cities were Xiantao(0.2329), Qianjiang(0.1427) and Tianmen (0.1302). There are highly consistent between specialization rate of tourism industry and tourism resources. The richer tourism resources is, the higher specialization rate of tourism industry will be; And vice versa. From below analysis it also can be seen, the correlation coefficient of each administrative region tourism resources in Hubei province and municipal state of average annual tourist arrivals and tourism income was 0.554 and 0.554, so there were moderate positive correlation among them; Correlation coefficients of tourism resources category and average annual tourist arrivals and tourism income were 0.783 and 0.811, so there were intermediate and high positive correlation among them. The development of regional tourism resources can be directly enhance tourism attraction and increase the specialization rate of tourism industry.The spatio-temporal variation of regional tourism industry is closely related to factors such as traffic accessibility and tourism resources. Through to the study of tourism industry in Hubei province, the spatio-temporal variation and the amount and type of tourist resources, traffic accessibility, regional economic development level, tourism laws and regulations and other factors were in intermediate or high positive correlation. Therefore, in order to narrow the spatio-temporal variation of regional tourism industry, some measures should be taken, for example, development of tourism resource, improvement of traffic facilities, promotement of regional economic development and improvement the tourism related laws and regulations and so on.Spacial governance should follow a spacial differentiation strategy step by step. Based on the tourism resources and traffic accessibility in Hubei province, spacial governance should be phasing in node polarization recently, linkaging in mid ages and networking in the future. Recently, we should build Wuhan city, Xiangyang city, Yichang, Shiyan, and Enshi as the cores of the tourism industry in Hubei province; By connecting Wuhan, Yichang, and Enshi as a Yangtze river ecological leisure tourism axis, connecting Wuhan, Xiangyang and Shiyan as a Hanjiang river historical and cultural tourism axis, connecting Enshi and Shiyan as a landscape cultural tourism axis, the three tourism development axises will drive regional tourism industry; In the future, taking Wuhan City Circle and Western Hubei Ecological Tourism Circle as the backing, a regional tourism network of coexistence of point, line, coil system is constructed. As to two circles domain in Hubei province, the spacial reconstruction is also differing. Wuhan city circle will grow from the current single core structure to polycentric structure, and Western Hubei Ecological Tourism Circle from a low level to a higher one.Spacial governance research should begin at a multidisciplinary perspective. Spacial governance derived from social science, "governance" is the foothold, belonging to the category of management science, but "space" is the core and soul of the theory, especially for China, spacial planning method determines its real vitality. So "spacial governance" is an effective way of governance theory in China. The connotation of "spatial governance" can be understood from two aspects:On the one hand, the spacial governance of regional resources and production factors of spatial configuration, can achieve scientific and effective use of space; Spacial governance, on the other hand, is characterized by the multivariate consultation, communication and interaction among government, market and society, etc.. Therefore, spacial governance is a unity of spatial planning method and pluralistic governance, itself has the qualities of a multidisciplinary research. In conclusion, the study of spacial governance should begin from the perspective of multi-disciplinary. First of all, on the meaning of geography, the spatial governance represents a transformation of spacial technology, through the spacial reconstruction to repair the regional imbalance in the distribution of resources to achieve space justice; From the perspective of public management, spacial governance need the coordination between different tourism administrations; From the perspective of tourism study, spacial governance still need mutual consultation and cooperation between various stakeholders. |
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