A Study On The Historical Materialism Of Public Spirit And Its Formation Mechanism

This dissertation mainly surveys public spirit from the dimension of historical materialism,and deeply explores its production and development mechanism.This dissertation is divided into four parts:Part one explores the historical progress of public sphere.According to the logic of historical development,the development of public sphere is divided into three historical development stages,i.e.,the stage of primary unity,the stage of social differentiation,the stage of high integration.The evolution of public sphere,constituting the objective foundation of public spirit,experiences development trend from exclusiveness to openness as a whole.At the primary stage of social development,the primary confusion of public interest determines that the private sphere of public sphere possess primary consistency,so the notion of public and private interest is also in the primary ignorance status and the public sphere is in the stage of primary unity.With the development of society,public sphere has presented the process of differentiation of political public sphere,economic public sphere and public sphere of culture.At the highly-developed stage of social development,public sphere is increasingly presenting characteristics of intersection and reorganization and has the development tendency of expansion and integration gradually.According to the concept of communistic society,public sphere will realize universal generalization.Part two mainly studies conscious logical progress of public spirit.On the basis of evolution historical unfolding of public sphere,this part makes a systematic study on the development stage and logic development of public spirit,highlighting historical and logical unity of public sphere evolution and public spirit consciousness from the perspective of historical materialism.The logical process of public spirit consciousness is divided into three parts: primary self-being stage,self-being and self-making stage,self-consciousness and self-making stage.At the self-being stage of public spirit,primary public spirit,characterized by public and private confusion,has internal tension of public and private opposition.The main existing state of public spirit can’t make a clear distinction between public and private interests at this stage.Public spirit further develops into the stage from spontaneity to self-consciousness.This stage mainly experiences concept of political operation and village regulations from clan-tribe to co-construction of family and state,contract spirit of public administration and concept from economic person-rational person hypothesis to state-government,ideal condition of public spirit from utopia socialist vision to utopian socialism institutional arrangements and notion.The most advanced development stage of public spirit is marxism communist ideals.At this stage,public spirit,achieving the highly developed status of freedom and self consciousness,the concrete reflection of which is the emancipatory interest of Marxist philosophy.The subject popularity from individual to all people is the subject representation of high unity of public spirit.The generalization of public spirit from proletariat to all mankind is the realization approach of public spirit within the perspective of Marxist philosophy.Part three is mainly about the type analysis of public spirit reflection and implementing subject.On the basis of the above,this part,making a typological analysis on the subject of public spirit,is divided into three parts: the differentiation analysis of state subject of public spirit,the diversity analysis of social subject of public spirit,the system analysis of individual subject of public spirit.The state subject of public spirit,mainly manifested by government management,is divided into three types,i.e.,the authoritative-type based on the compulsory identity of public spirit and state will,the versatile type based on the high coincidence of public spirit and government functions,the service-oriented type based on the rational division of public spirit and government-society.The social subject of public spirit is divided into the community of the religious groups and the intellectual guided by morality and justice,the community of guild,natives association and modern political parties guided by interest,the community of non-government organization guided by high integration of morality-interest.The individual subject of public spirit is divided into the political elite of public administration and control,the cultural elite of social legality argumentation and criticism,the public subject regarding conscience and voluntarily as the internal motivation.Part four,mainly exploring formation mechanism construction and transformation of public spirit,is divided into three parts: region of cultivation mechanism of public spirit and its emphasis,function of cultivation mechanism of public spirit and its problem and cause,approach design and path selection of public spirit generation.In the part of region of cultivation mechanism of public spirit and its emphasis,mainly analyzes on the functions of region of cultivation mechanism of public spirit,such as family,school and social education,also makes a further deeply analysis on its problem and cause.In the part of cultivation mechanism function of public spirit and its problem and cause,cultivation of public spirit can’t surpass realistic foundation of public sphere and mental state of realistic subject of public spirit,and should realize construction mechanism transformation from cramming cultivation to organic generation instead of simply transplanting foreign patterns.In the part of approach design and path selection of public spirit generation,this paper explores institutional integration of available resources on the basis of emphasizing concept transformation from cramming cultivation to organic generation,and proposes to insist on the correct value guidance and cultural self-confidence of socialism public spirit construction mechanism.