The Turning Of Australian Cultural Theory In 1980s

From 1980 s,the floating of Birmingham Cultural Study School all over the world made it acqure a kind of influence in the world.So the Australian Cultural Study was affected heavily by Birmingham Cultural Study.Besides that,the culture from America and Asia and Australia itself make Australian cultural theory very complex.So the background of the Turning of Ausralian cultural studies was English Cultural Studies in 1980 s,to some extent.The changing of Australian cultural theory maybe considered comes from John Fiske's popular culture study in 1980 s to Tony Bennett's cultural policy study in 1990 s and then the creative industry theory of John Hartley.In contrast to the tradition of The Birmingham school,Australian cultural studies assimilated the experiences of Australia and generated it's pecular cultural theory.It's theory not so much underline the critical theory like English cultural studies,but pay more attention to participation and useful knoeledge.Except this clue,the paradigm of cultural politics which has existed in 1980 s and developed by John Fiske is still developing.Graeme Turner,Meaghan Morris,Ien Ang etc.are the important scholars in this fields and their opinions provide important help to us to understand the former clue.Although this clues always changed in past 30 years,but it still just changed in the range of international cultural studies.But in 21 st,some new trends show in there,and it has a trends that melt in former clue.John Fiske brought Foucault's micro-power perspective in his study in order to interpret a kind of radical reader.This study paid more attention to individual pleasures and at last resulted to a kind of turning from politics of ideology to politics of pleasure.Even though his opinions were againsted by lots of scholars,but still useful.At first,his reader not only participated in the meaings' production of texts but the physicall forms of texts.It indicates the participation forms of reader in digital era.The second,the resistance pointed by Fiske could useful through destroy the social contradictions.But Fiskedidn't give some ways to value these acts.The Communication Studies is the other aspects of John Fiske.He tried to expand the methos of communication and semiology into popular culture.The key theory intention of Bennett's cultural study is to develop a kind of useful knowledge for practing.His theory about culture is a kind of mechanism changed it's concept and this useful knowledge is about how to use this mechanism to some extent.So he quoted Foucalt again after John Fiske,but about his Governmentality.His research also led to the arguements about missions of intellectuals.In his opinion intellectuals and Cultural Study are not only critical but pratical.Besides cultural policy studies,bennett also did some studies in popular cultural and cultural politics sometimes.But,his study in popular cultural should be seen part of his whole research.To some extent,cultural politics always his opponent,and Cutural Policy was his answer to their arguing.The Creative Study of John Hartley and his group in lots of aspects communicate with Bennett.But the actors in Hartley's theory have changed from intelletuals to the People.After that,he brought system theory and evolution theory into his research to understand the concept of culture.He also call for a kind of constructive cultural study like Tony Bennett.It also affects other scholars like Meaghan Morris and Ien Ang and so on.Justin O'Connor is an important opponent of creative studies.He considered the creative industry has some relationships with entighten values,so the creative industry also inherited the aggressiveness of enlighten values and the promise of creative studies haven't came ture.And in this period Chinese creative industry also attracted more attention.Michael Kean is one of an important scholar of Chinese industry study.His research did lots of contributions in the issues like the connections between creativity and culture and so on.Hartley also do cultural politics study through his media study,this is a chracteristic of other schorlar.In 1980 s and 1990 s,myth,representation and postmedernism is the topics of Ausralian cultural theory,in 20 thcentury,traditional questions like Identity began to be seen a representation of closing.How to beyond Identity and the geopolitical politics have been new topics in Australian cultual political field.Lots of scholars try to renew the Cultural Study itself,it also shown the same intention with John Hartley.