Yu Yu Buddhist Art Research

Buddhism was first introduced in Khotan China,and has a history of nearly a thousand years of development and prosperity.As the center of Mahayana Buddhism in ancient western regions,the artistic style of Khotan Buddhism had a profound influence on the development of Buddhism art in the Central China,and was the reference system for the art of Tibetan Buddhism to some degree.The development of Buddhist art in Khotan went through three stages: the Han Dynasty is the initial stage of Khotan Buddhist art,Wei-Jin period is the development stage and Tang Dynasty is the mature stage.In the process of the formation of Khotan Buddhist art,the Gandhara and Mathuraart of the Kushan kingdom in Central Asia had a profound effect on the formation and development of Khotan Buddhist art style.With the spread of Buddhist art along the Silk Road,the Khotan Buddhism-themed wood carving,pottery carving and murals which appeared in Han Dynasty had a close relationship with early gandhara art,whose simple and rough style reflected the art feature of khotan Buddhist art in early times,forming "the Hetian art model" with regional characteristic in this period.In Han and Wei jin dynasties,the northern cultural block of Eurasia extended from Asia Minor,Central Asia and the Black Sea area to Eurasian steppes,forming decorative and stylized prairie art;the types of art in Afghanistan,Pakistan and areas from two rivers in central Asia to Tarim Basin are painting and sculpture which are influenced by Buddhist culture,and this Buddhist art integrated the artistic form of Greece,India and Persia etc.through two oasis chains that encompass Tarim Basin---the south and north roads of Silk Road,forming a unique style.The pictorial program and sculpt technique of“Harvest goddess”(??,Tyche)---a Buddhist painting on cotton cloth---reflects the characteristic of early Buddhism art in the south road of Silk road in that period.The unique painting form and sculpt technique of Minlan murals had a profound relationship with Khotan Buddhist art which greatly influenced the style and design of Milan murals.The standing Buddha statue in Rawak Buddhist temple intricately interlinked with Mathuraart in terms of style and origin,whereas the form of standing statue in niche derived from Daxia art.The mural or relief of standing Buddha statue was also a feature of Khotan Buddhist art.Khotan Buddhist art matured in Tang Dynasty,during which Buddhism had a full impact on architecture,painting and sculpture etc.Around the 6th century,the Mud statue of Buddhist began to emerge in the two rivers area of central Asia.Till the 7th century,the style of Mud statue of Buddha had gradually turned from Gandhara into a style with regional characteristic and spread to Tarim Basin.The subject and content,the shaping technique,and the painting style of sculptures and murals of Tang Dynasty in Damago ruins in Cele county all present a new characteristic,since the Khotan mural of that period reinforced the style of two-dimensional plane and decorative shape,and strengthened the image with local art elements at the same time.Khotan painting integrated "iron line drawing" with "Bump Act" by absorbing exotic art elements,forming the " Khotan Drawing School " which had a unique style.Khotan Drawing School was very popular in the Tang Dynasty,and had a profound influence on image of Buddha in Japan in the Nara period;in addition,it was deeply related to the formulation of plastic art system of Dunhuang,the Central China and Tibetan Buddhism.