A Research On Political Psychology Among Emperor And His Ministers In The Pre-Qin Period

Up till now,the Chinese people have paid more attention to the changes of Chinese political psychology and the conflicts of their political struggle over thousands of years than the political systems,decrees and regulations in the ancient China.Most Chinese people do not care about the political systems or thoughts at that time and even those in the contemporary age.Seldom do they care for the political institutions or operations around,or even their own political identities.Instead,the Chinese people are more interested in not only the stories behind politicians but also the changes of relations between them as well as those consequential political events due to their changing psychology.Besides,they focus on politicians' political performances including killing the monarch for the throne,maneuvering,lobbying and admonishing others to achieve satisfaction by an expression,an action,an utterance and even an eye contact between the monarch and his subjects.In addition,they care more about their political status in the rank and the psychology of the superior and colleagues.For this reason,researches on the booming political psychology in the European countries,America,Japan and South Korea should also been deeply explored in China to become the highlight in Chinese academic circle.On the whole,the theories of political psychology in the western countries cover the social,leadership and mass categories.However,according to the realistic situation of China,the research on Shushu political psychology with tactics as its core should not be ignored based on the general researches on political psychology,for it is what the Chinese people have pursued since ancient times.Combining the western background and Chinese ancient interpretations,the essay takes "Shushu political psychology",the core concept,as a political psychology featuring "tactics".It grows out of the politicians who take part in the political activities,which,to be specific in this research,is out of the monarch and his subjects in the pre-Qin period.Both the monarch and his subjects have such kind of psychology but each with its own features.Meanwhile,their psychology will change corresponding to their interactions.Thus,to study the Legalist works as the nuclear of the research on Shushu political psychology in the pre-Qin period is to demonstrate the logic and concrete manifestations of Shushu political psychology of the monarch and his subjects in a Legalist view.Furthermore,some case analyses will be presented to illustrate its influence.In the light of the judgment that Shushu political psychology originates from the relation among politicians,as well as the fact that the Chinese ancient politicians featuring "tactics" can be classified into "the monarch" and "the subject",this essay will lay a foundation of the relation between the monarch and his subjects.Moreover,this essay will also take "the civilian" as a certain object in the specific research process due to their political role in the previous demonstration to perfect the philosophers' theories on the relation between the monarch and his subjects.On this basis,this essay emphasizes on "Shushu political psychology" between the monarch and his subjects.The essay consists of seven parts:In the introduction part,the author raises research questions,does a literature review,and defines some core concepts.Then the author states the research significance,research idea,research method,and important and difficult points.Altogether the main body of the essay is composed of five chapters:Chapter One introduces the doctrines of the monarch and the subjects together with the relation between them respectively in Yao,Shun,Yu periods,Xia,Shang and the Western Zhou dynasties,the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods,aiming to clarify the development process of Shushu political psychology between the monarch and his subjects in the pre-Qin period.Chapter Two gives specific illustrations on the relation between the monarch and his subjects from the views of Confucianism,Taoism,Mozi and other pre-Qin philosophers,and then summarizes and compares the similarities and differences among those thoughts.Afterwards,it can be taken as the research background of Shushu political psychology between the monarch and subjects in the pre-Qin period.In Chapter Three,the author selects the legalists' works as research objects to systematically analyze the monarch,the subjects and their relations in the perspective of legalists.Then the author concludes the Shushu political psychology of the monarch and his subjects in the pre-Qin period and concentrate on the logic and manifestation of it.Chapter Four makes a case analysis of the relation between the monarch and his subjects in Qin and Han dynasties,aiming to figure out the influences Shushu political psychology in the pre-Qin period makes to later ages.Chapter Five seeks for a further thinking about the Shushu political psychology of the monarch and his subjects in the pre-Qin period.The conclusion part sum up the whole essay and put forward expectations of further researches.