| The genus Ganoderma Karst.,belongs to the order Polyporales and the family Ganodermataceae,mainly spread in China,North Korea and Japan and distribute in Fujian,Hainan,Anhui,Shandong,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Hunan and Guangzhou at home.Polysaccharides,triterpenoids,steroids,nucleosides,alkaloids,amino acid and microelements,which mainly contains in genus Ganoderma Karst,led to anti-tumor,liver protection,antioxidant,anti-aging,cardioprotection,memory improvement,antiviral,bacteria inhibition fuctions.The fruiting bodies of G.theaecolum,G.sessile and G.mastoporum were investigated on their chemical constituents systematically by various kinds of chromatographic methods.The structures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.Some of them were assayed for their bioactivities.48 compounds were obtained from CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions of EtOH extract of Ganoderma theaecolum,including thirty six triterpenoids,three steroids,five alkaloids,one meroterpenoid and three other compounds.These compounds were identified as follows:ganoderic acid XLi(1),ganoderic acid XL2(2),20-hydroxy-ganoderic acid AM1(3),ganoderenic acid AM1(4),ganoderesin C(5),ganoderic acid XL3(6),ganoderic acid XL4(7),ganoderic acid XL5(8),ganoderic acid XL6(9),lucidone A(10),lucidone B(11),lucidone C(12),lucidone D(13),lucidone F(14),methyl ganoderate B(15),ganoderenic acid H(16),ganoderic acid C2(17),methyl ganoderate C2(18),ganoderic acid AP3(19),ethyl ganoderate C2(20),3β,15α-dihydroxy-11-oxo-5a-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid(21),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid(22),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid methyl ester(23),ganolucidic acid B(24),ganolucidate F(25),ganoderenic acid B(26),ganoderenic acid B methyl ester(27),ganoderic acid ζ(28),7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z(29),7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z2(30),ganoderic acid Y(31),7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3(32),polycarpol(33),ganodermadiol(34),3β,21-dihydroxy-lanost-7,9(11),24-trien-26-oic acid(35),ganoderon B(36),3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene(37),ergosta-7,22-dien-2β,3α,9α-triol(38),ergosterol D(39),(E)-p-acetoxy coumaryl alcohol(40),protocatechuic acid(41),isovanillic acid(42),spirolingzhine D(43),2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-carboxylic acid(44),1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid(45),uracil(46),sinensine(47),vitamin B2(48).Compounds 1-9,20,27 were new compounds.All of known compounds were all isolated from G.theaecolum for the first time.45 compounds were obtained from CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions of EtOH extract of Ganoderma sessile,including twenty five triterpenoids,ten steroids,four alkaloids,two meroterpenoids and four other compounds.These compounds were identified as follows:ganoderic acid LM2(49),ganosporeric acid A(50),ganoderic acid J(51),ganoderic acid C1(52),ganoderic acid A(53),ganoderic acid B(54),ganoderic acid M(55),ganoderic acid C6(56),ganoderic acid AMi(57),ganoderic acid G(58),ganoderic acid I(59),ganolucidic acid A(60),ganoderic acid 8(61),ganoderic acid H(62),ganoderic acid E(63),ganoderic acid D2(64),ganoderic acid TR(65),lucidenic acid A(66),lucidenic acid C(67),methyl lucidenate C(68),lucidenic acid LMi(69),lucidone D(70),ganoderenic acid A(71),ganoderenic acid C(72),ganoderenic acid D(73),ergosta-7,22-dien-2β,4α-diol(74),ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-o1(75),ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one(76),3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene(77),3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(78),ergosterol D(79),ergosterol(80),5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(81),ergosta-7,22-dien-3p,5β,6α,9α-tetraol(82),β-sitosterol(83),uracil(84),vitamin B3(85),ribitol(86),4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid(87),mannitol(88),histidine(89),spirolingzhine D ethyl ester(90*),hepatacosanoic acid(91),vitamin B2(92),spirolingzhine D(93).Compound 90 was new compound.All of known compounds were all isolated from G.sessile for the first time.Nine compounds were obtained from CHCl3 fractions of EtOH extract of Ganoderma mastoporum,and identified as:ganoderic acid E(94),ganoderic acid H(95),ganoderenic acid G(96),ganoderenic acid K(97),7α,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23－trioxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid(98),3β-hydroxy-12β-acetoxy-7,11,15,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8,20(22)-dien-26-oic acid(99),7β,15α-dihydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-3,11-dioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid(100),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,12,15,23-tetraoxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid(101),4-aminobenzoic acid methyl ester(102).All of known compounds were all isolated from G.mastoporum for the first time.Hepatoprotective effects against DL-galactosamine-induced HL-7702 cells damage of G.theaecolum crude extracts,G.theaecolum compounds and G.sessile compounds were determined by the MTT colorimetric assay.The macroporous resin elution by 50%alcohol of 95%alcohol extractive of G.theaecolum at a concentration of 10-5 M showed moderate hepatoprotective activities.Compounds 1,4,5,11 and 26 of G.theaecolum at a concentration of 10-5 M exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities.Compounds 50,53,54,59,63 and 64 of G.sessile at a concentration of 10-5 M exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities.Parts of compounds obtained from the fruiting body of G.theaecolum were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines by MTT method.Compounds 30 at a concentration of 10-6 M exhibited moderate cytotoxicity activities against H460 tumor cell line and compounds 31 at a concentration of 10"6 M exhibited moderate cytotoxicity activities against H460,BGC823 and HCT116 tumor cell lines.For polycystic kidney inhibition bioactivities.Compounds 2,6 and 7 can inhibited MDCK cysts formation and enlargement.2 and 7 inhibited MDCK cysts enlargement significantly during these 15 compounds,6 also had this inhibitory effect but only with significance on day 12 not as obvious as 2 and 7;They didn’t affect MDCK cells viability in used concentration(12.5 μM);But in these 3 compounds,when MDCK cells were incubated with 12.5 μM 2,6 or 7 together with 10μM forskolin from seeding to day 6,though these 3 monomers didn’t affect total colonies;7 significantly inhibited MDCK cysts formation.Effect on Ras/MAPK signal pathway:Different concentration of 7(3.125,12.5 and 50 μM)significantly decreased levels of H-Ras,B-raf,p-MEK,p-ERK,Egr-1 and c-fos,Raf-1 in a dose-dependent manner in MDCK cells stimulated with forskolin.By the model of inhibiting the protein tyrosine kinase,the macroporous resin elution by 50%alcohol of 95%alcohol extractive of G.theaecolum at a concentration of 10-5 M showed moderate Inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activity(inhibition rate was 78.11%).All compounds were inactive for inhibiting the tyrosine protein kinase(IC50>10 μmol·L-1).102 compounds were obtained from the EtOH extracts of Ganoderma theaecolum,Ganoderma sessile and Ganoderma mastoporum(6 compounds were owned by Ganoderma theaecolum and Ganoderma sessile and 2 compounds were owned by Ganoderma sessile and Ganoderma mastoporum).Among them,48 compounds were obtained from Ganoderma theaecolum,45 compounds were obtained from Ganoderma sessile and 9 compounds were obtained from Ganoderma mastoporum.The macroporous resin elution by 50%alcohol of 95%alcohol extractive of G.theaecolum at a concentration of 10-5 M showed moderate hepatoprotective activities and inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activity;Compounds 1,4,5,11,26,50,53,54,59,63 and 64 at a concentration of 10’5 M exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities;Compounds 30 at a concentration of 10-6 M exhibited moderate cytotoxicity activities against H460 tumor cell line and compounds 31 at a concentration of 10-6 M exhibited moderate cytotoxicity activities against H460,BGC823 and HCT116 tumor cell lines;Compounds 2,6 and 7 can inhibited MDCK cysts formation and enlargement. |
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