Studies On The Chemical Constituents And Biological Activities Of Ganoderma Ahmaill And Ganoderma Australe

Ganoderma ahmaill and Ganoderma australe are Ganoderma fungi in Polyporales family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma fungi are rich in polysaccharides,triterpenes,meroterpenoids and other biological active ingredients,which have high medicinal value.At present,there are many reports on the chemical composition and biological activity of Ganoderma fungi at home and abroad,but so far there have been few reports on the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma ahmaill and Ganoderma australe.In order to enrich the understanding of the substance basis of Ganoderma lucidum,in this study,the chemical constituents and biological activities of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma ahmaill and Ganoderma australe were isolated,monomer compounds were identified and screened for pharmacological activity.The discovery of novel compounds and effective active molecules has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of Ganoderma resources.A variety of chromatographic separation technologies such as silica gel column,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-High Performance Liquid Chromotography（semi-HPLC）are used.The chemical composition of Ganoderma fruiting body was separated and purified,and its chemical structure was identified by spectroscopy and chemical methods.From the ethanol extract of Ganoderma ahmaill,twenty-four compounds were isolated and purified,including twelve meroterpenoids,two triterpenes,three alkaloids,two steroids and five other components.It was identified as,ganoduriporol C（1）,ganoduriporol D（2）,ganoduriporol E（3）,ganoduriporol F（4）,ganoduriporol G（5）,ganoduriporol H（6）,ganoduriporol I（7）,ganoduriporol J（8）,ganoduriporol K（9）,ganoduriporol L（10）,ganoduriporol M（11）,ganoduriporol B（12）,sinonsilactam A（13）,ergosta-7,22E-dien-3β-ol（14）,trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid ethyl ester（15）,cerevistero（16）,3-indole formaldehyde（17）,4-ethoxyphenol（18）,（E）-3,4-dihydroxybenzylideneacetone（19）,parahydroxybenzoic acid（20）,2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid（21）,ganocalicine B（22）,applanoxidic acid C（23）,applanoxidic acid F（24）,of which compounds 1-11 are new meroterpenoids.For the first time,all compounds were isolated from the fruit body of Ganoderma ahmaill.Five compounds were isolated and purified from Ganoderma australe and identified as,ganodercochlearin M（25）,ganodercochlearin N（26）,philippin JⅠ（27a）,philippin JⅡ（27b）,gibbosic acid O（28）,spiroapplanatumine G（29）,of which 25 and 26 are new triterpenes,and 27a and 27b are new meroterpenoids.The biological activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated,including the inhibition of the compounds against protein tyrosine phosphatase（PTP1B）using disodium nitrophenylphosphate（p NPP）as the reaction substrate,and the cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated by MTT method.Compounds 1-7 have significant PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC₅₀values of 19.1,17.8,29.6,17.0,20.2,19.1,23.2,and 28.4μM,respectively.Compound 13 significantly inhibited K562 cell with IC₅₀value of 0.15μM.Compound 15 significantly inhibited SGC-7901 cell with IC₅₀value of 0.22μM.Compound 19 significantly inhibited K562,BEL-7402 and SGC-7901 cells with IC₅₀values of 0.14,0.54,and 0.26μM,respectively.Compound21 significantly inhibited K562,BEL-7402,SGC-7901,A549 and Hela cells,with IC₅₀values of 0.37,0.36,0.53,and 0.22,and 0.047μM,respectively.Compounds12-21,23 and 24 have better activity in scavenging free radicals.In summary,this study has initially clarified the material basis of its medicinal effects on the chemical composition and biological activity of two medicinal Ganoderma.It enriches the understanding of the chemical constituents of medicinal ganoderma fungi and provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and utilization of two ganoderma resources.