| ObjectiveThere are lots of discussions about the core pathogenesis and core herbal prescription in the field of oncology of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nowadays.However,the core pathogenesis of tumor is still unclear.It is necessary to learn from the experience of the predecessors.The tumor is not completely corresponding to a name of disease in ancient Chinese medical books,and "Zheng ji" is the closest to the modern tumor in ancient books.It is significant to TCM that the ancient documents about Zheng ji are sorted out,and the core is revealed from massive information by using modern technology.MethodsFirst of all,the study systematically reviews the main literature about Zheng ji in the past,and combs out the important viewpoints and the evolution of the whole cognition rule to grasp the whole context.Through the query of "Encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine"(Fifth Edition),and book browsing,the core herbal prescription,treatment principle,and pathogenesis is collected from Qin and Han Dynasties to Qing Dynasty.The information mining technology is used to analysis the rule of prescription of different period and different schools.Then the core prescription and the pathogenesis of the disease is investigated to see whether they are consistent in principle.If they are consistent,it is indicated that the pathogenesis can guide the clinical treatment at that time.ResultsIn the first part,the law of Zheng ji is summarized in Qin and Han dynasties."Yellow Emperor" and "Classic of Questioning" indicate the pathogenesis of Zheng ji which is Qi,blood and body fluid stagnation in local caused by cold evil invasion or the poor emotion when the internal Qi is deficient."Treatise on Febrile Diseases"records the pulse of Zheng ji,which is fine and deep pulse.Shen Nong's herbal classic records the drugs related to Zheng ji treatment."General Treatise on the Cause and Symptoms of Diseases" further analyzes that Zheng ji is caused by deficiency of yin and Yang,and then Qi and blood stagnate."Qian Jin Fang" and "Wai Tai Mi Yao"grasp the internal virtual and cold evil,and a large number of prescriptions are recorded.The internal evil is focused on in Song and Yuan dynasties.Different aspects of pathogenesis are discussed by different schools.Zheng ji is understood more comprehensive on previous basis in Ming and Qing dynasties.Spleen deficiency,cold coagulation,qi stagnation,blood stasis,phlegm,dyspepsia are five pathological factors.In the second part,Information mining technology is used to explore the rules of herbal prescription.According to the time,the prescription rules and pathogenesis of Zheng ji are explored respectively in Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties,Song and Yuan dynasties,Ming-early Qing Dynasty,and the late Qing Dynasty.There are 132 prescriptions collected in Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include Invigorating the spleen,tonifying spleen and dispelling cold,and capture stagnation.The core herbal drugs contain:ginseng,ginger,cinnamon,pepper,honey,asarum,poria,rhubarb,and croton.In Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties,the main pathogenesis of Zheng ji are considered as deficiency of the spleen and stomach,and cold invasion.Compared with each other,the core prescription is consistent with the pathogenesis.There are 469 prescriptions collected in Song and Yuan Dynasties.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include warming the Qi,removing blood stasis,regulating Qi and activating blood,regulating qi and free the bowels.The core herbal drugs contain:sanleng and ezhu,woody,areca,orange peel,cinnamon,ginger,rhubarb,croton,and turtle shell.Tonic drugs are used less,the method of attacking evil is mainly used at that time.Qi and blood are as the key link of treatment.The main pathogenesis of Zheng ji is believed as cold stagnation,qi stagnation and blood stasis in Song and Yuan Dynasties.There are 326 prescriptions collected in Ming-early Qing Dynasty.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include invigorating spleen,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,regulating qi and activating blood circulation.The core herbal drugs contains:sanleng and ezhu,peel,orange peel,radix aucklandiae,rhizoma cyperi,atractylodes,and licorice.During this period,the characteristics of Song and Yuan's medicine were extended.On the other hand,it emphasizes the importance of invigorating spleen."Qi stagnation,hot and humid" theory was developed in this period.There are 253 prescriptions collected in the mid-late Qing Dynasty.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include eliminating phlegm and promoting diuresis,invigorating qi and strengthening spleen,nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation and promoting diuresis.The core of herbal drugs include:Poria,Atractylodes,angelica,dried tangerine peel,pinellia,ginseng,Cyperus tuber,liquorice.Tonic drugs are use frequently,and the prescriptions are mild.Except from Qi stagnation and blood stasis,phlegm damp heat is also considered as the main pathogenesis.In addition to period study,schools are also researched in this paper.The rules of prescription of Hejian school,Yinshui school,and school of seasonal febrile diseases are explored.Because of the evolution of Yishui school in Ming Dynasty,Jin-Yuan Yishui school and Ming-Qing Yishui school are studied respectively.There are 121 prescriptions of Hejian school collected.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis,promoting blood circulation and regulating qi and invigorating spleen.The core drugs contains:Sanleng and Ezhu,tangerine peel,peel,Cyperus,Atractylodes,cinnamon,liquorice.Through the analysis of the core prescription,we know that the prescriptions of Hejian school follow the mainstream of Song and Yuan Dynasties.By analyzing the frequency of drug use,the proportion of heat clearing drugs used in Hejian school was higher than that in the same period.There are 62 prescriptions of Jin-Yuan Yishui school collected.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include:Benefiting spleen,invigorate the circulation of blood,activating Qi,warm and free the bowels.The core herbal drugs include:A Sanleng and Ezhu,peel,orange peel,Radix Aucklandiae,ginger,ginger,Croton;core prescription B:ginseng,Poria,pinellia,licorice.Through analyzing the core prescription,Jin-Yuan Yishui school pay more attention to the Qi of spleen and stomach than Hejian school.There are 40 prescriptions of Jin-Yuan Yishui school collected.From the point of association rules,the main principles of compatibility include:invigorating qi and invigorating spleen,invigorating spleen,nourishing qi,nourishing blood,nourishing blood and promoting diuresis.The core herbal drugs include:ginseng,licorice,Atractylodes macrocephala,Poria,pinellia tuber,angelica,white peony root,ginger,bupleurum,dried tangerine peel.The Ming-Qing Yishui school focuses more on the pathogenesis of the "energy deficiency" aspect than Jin-Yuan Yishui school.There are 81 prescriptions of school of febrile disease,from the point of view of the association rules,the main principles of compatibility are:regulating qi and resolving phlegm,promoting blood circulation,promoting blood circulation and diuresis.The core of the herbal drugs include:tangerine peel,pinellia,Poria,Rhizoma Corydalis,Kawa Ko,Cyperus,Magnolia,angelica,peach.This school thinks that the pathogenesis of Zheng ji is that the cold evil entrenchs in the deep layer of the Zang organs,which needs to be treated by the method of slow attacking and supplementing.Zheng ji of women is involving the abnormalities of menstruation,leucorrhea,pregnant,and birth.There are 117 prescriptions collected,from the association rules,the main principles of compatibility are:nourishing blood,nourishing qi,nourishing blood temperature.The core of drugs include:Angelica sinensis,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Aucklandiae,Rhizoma Cyperi,cinnamon,trigonous,zedoary,peach,peony,licorice,ginger,rhubarb,wine.Women's Zheng ji always involves blood,and angelica is frequently used.It is believe that the main pathogenesis of women's Zheng ji is caused the blood stasis.In the third part,the information mining technology is used to explore the rules of the prescription of Zheng ji in different parts of the body.There are 92 prescriptions of Zheng ji in stomach collected.From the point of view of association rules,the principles of compatibility are benefiting spleen and reducing phlegm.The core drugs are:Fuling,pinellia,dried tangerine peel,licorice,ginseng,Atractylodes,Rhizoma Zingiberis,Magnolia officinalis,amomum fruit,ginger.Zheng ji in stomach is similar to "Pi Qi",The pathogenesis is spleen deficiency with qi stagnation,and wet storage.The core prescription is to invigorate the spleen,reduce phlegm and regulate qi.There are 50 prescriptions of Zheng ji below the right hypochondrium.From the association rules,the principles of compatibility include warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold,dispelling phlegm,activating Qi,and promoting blood circulation and resolving masses.The core prescription A:Woody,areca core agent;B:tangerine peel,pinellia,Poria,peel,Morus alba,Platycodon grandiflorum,cinnamon,trigonous,ginger,licorice.Zheng ji below the right hypochondrium is similar to "Fei Ji".Shen Jinao consider that the pathogenesis is lung qi deficiency,and phlegm heat accumulation.The core prescription focus on tonifying the lung qi,reducing phlegm heat?However,dispelling cold,activating Qi,and removing blood stasis are not contained in Shen's pathogenesis theory.There are 105 prescriptions of Zheng ji below the left hypochondrium.From the association rules,the principles of compatibility include activating blood circulation,invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm,activating blood circulation and promoting diuresis,invigorating spleen and regulating qi.Core drugs include:Poria,Atractylodes,angelica,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Bupleuri,tangerine peel,peel,licorice,trigonous,zedoary.Zheng ji below the right hypochondrium is similar to "Gan Ji".Shen Jinao consider that the pathogenesis is qi-blood deficiency of liver,qi stagnation and blood stasis.The core of the prescription contains Xiaoyao Powder,which can activatie blood circulation,and regulate qi.The core prescription is suitable for the pathogenesis.There are 113 prescriptions of Zheng ji located in the lower abdomen.From the association rules,the principles of compatibility include nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation,activating Qi,warming spleen,and mild laxation.The core herbal drugs are:Angelica,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Radix Paeoniae Alba,radix rehmanniae,Rhizoma Cyperi,Rhizoma Corydalis,tangerine peel,cinnamon,ginger,ginseng,licorice,rhubarb.Zheng ji located in the lower abdomen is similar to "Xin Jin".Shen Jinao believes that the pathogenesis are Qi and blood deficiency of the heart meridian,blood stasis and heat accumulation.The core prescription can warm heart and Spleen Yang,which is not caught by Shen's pathogenesis theory.This topic according to the present TCM ancient books for abdominal disease to conduct a comprehensive system of sorting,analysis,the historical stage of longitudinal research and schools of transverse cross contrast research at the same time,this approach makes "abdominal disease product" tapped the homogeneity of the formulas and heterogeneity analysis more accurate.Using the computer software of "complex network",the formula research method is more advanced than the simple "formula frequency statistics" method.On the other hand,symptoms and signs described in ancient medical books summarized the law of the formulas of the different parts of the disease area and the related pathogenesis,demonstrates the different parts of the interconnected relationship of product and its corresponding viscera. |
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