The Evolutionary Pattern And Optimization Path Of Open Space In Changchun Metropolitan Area

With the rapid development of urbanization and the aggravation of urban environmental problems,more and more people realize that the regulation and improvement of the urban environment,the harmonious relationship between man and nature are important guarantees for the sustainable development of cities.Sustainable is the main purpose of urban development in twenty-first Century,while the premise of sustainable urbanization is to protect the natural process and control the growth of the city.At present,the academic community has been “ecological city”,“low-carbon city” and “livable city” as an important hot issue and considers it to be the end-result of sustainable cities in the future.According to the actual situation,each city conducts different open space development mode,which can provide a variety of services to local residents and meet their leisure needs in the pursuit of beauty at the same time,pursuit of harmony and unity between human activities and natural environment,make an important contribution to the sustainable development of the city,and ensure a harmonious win-win development and the natural environment of the city.This paper selects the Changchun metropolitan area as a typical example.The data sources are from remote sensing images of Changchun metropolitan area in different periods,the land use map,and the annual statistical data.The paper uses Arc GIS,AutoCAD,Fragstats and other auxiliary calculating software platform as technical methods and the theory of landscape ecology patch,corridor,basement model,urban ecosystem regulation theory,urban development theory and open space network theory as theoretical basis.Based on the characteristics of land use change,economic development,population explosion and land use expansion in the process of rapid urbanization in Changchun,it analyzes the current situation of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area in 1990-2013 and the evolution characteristics,dynamic mechanism,and optimization strategies of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area.The full paper is divided into four parts: basic theory research,empirical research,planning control,conclusions and prospects,which includes eight chapters,that are introduction,theoretical basis of research,development reference of city open space at home and abroad,the evolution,pattern characteristic,dynamic mechanism of open space in Changchun metropolitan area,optimizing regulation to construct open space network,conclusion and prospect.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,based on the definition of open space at home and abroad,this paper defines the concept of open space,puts forward the definition of urban open space and urban open space network from the broad and narrow senses.Secondly,the paper describes the evolution process of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area.Then it quantitatively analyzes the evolution characteristics of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area since then 1990 based on the land use map of Changchun center city in 1995,2003,2008 and satellite images in 2013.Thirdly,the paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics of open space pattern in Changchun metropolitan area and considers that the spatial distribution of Changchun open areas distribute mainly within the Beltway.The lands which has high proportion of open space is mainly composed of three parts: areas taking the Nanhu square as the center,the belt-like open space with the Yitong River as the center;the northwest of the city which mainly refers to the enclosed by the Xi'an Road,Haoyue Road and State Road 302.Besides,center of gravity and center analysis show that the southeastern part of the city is the key area for the development of open space and the peripheral areas and urban fringe areas has low proportion;kernel density analysis shows that the open space of Changchun city presents the spatial distribution of the centralization and exterior diffusion,and form spatial hot spots abounding particular areas;accessibility analysis shows that the overall accessibility of urban open space is not high and has a great improvement space.Fourthly,the paper analyzes the driving mechanism of the evolution of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area,which thinks that the natural environment is the basic condition,the urban expansion is the direct driving force,the urban structure is a limitation of the evolution development of the open space type,and the policy regulation is a constraint.In addition,this paper makes a quantitative study on the driving forces of the evolution of the open space in Changchun metropolitan area and sorts them on the intensity of the driving factors of the evolution of open space pattern.This shows that the current evolution driving mechanism of open space in Changchun metropolitan has clear hierarchy and order.Fifthly,the paper puts forward the specific optimization strategy of the open space of Changchun metropolitan area.It thinks that the open space should adopt a layout mode of "one nucleus,second ring,three water,eight wedges" and "one pulse,two rivers,three districts ".Meanwhile,it put forward the optimal path of open space,which are the organic coordination of ecological protection and ecological civilization,mutual coupling between open space and urban functional space,the integration of urban landscape and cultural elements and organic symbiosis of open space and environmental protection.