The Introduction Of Modern Mining Science&Technology And The Early Development Of Huainan Coal Mine(1909-1949)

Huainan is one of the 14 hundred-million ton coal bases in China and one of the six largest coal-electricity bases in China.It was a large coal mine among the few Chinese mines under independent development and management.In addition,it was a microcosm of the growth of the modern new coal mines in China.The modern mining technology had a unique position and a special role in the development of Huainan coal mine.In this paper,we made the 40-years development history of Huainan coal mine before the founding of new China as the study background,combining our study with previous research results and the comprehensive historical references,further using the method of data analysis,comparison and comprehensive analysis.By using the development history of science and technology for the modern Huainan coal mine as a case study,we tried to find the relationship between the introduction of modern mining technology and the early development of Huainan coal mine.Based on the rich archives and materials,we combed and restored the development history of science and technology related to the Huainan coal mine and roughly divided it into four different stages:Firstly,the initial stage of modern mining technology(1909-1928),the Datong coal mine,which was of commercial properties and whose main mode of production was by hand.Secondly,1928-1937 was the development stage as the so-called"golden decade" and the official state of Huainan Mining Bureau was improved by using the importation of mining technology and the effective organization of production distribution,finally the Huainan coal mine came into the most successful state-owned enterprises under the operation of national government.Thirdly(1938-1945),the Huainan coal mine was in the stagnant and retrogressive stage under the rule of Japan,when the artificial production took place of the mechanical mining production,which was a stagnation and declination to some extent.Fourthly(1945-1949),this is the recovery and promotion period after the war,during when the mechanization degree of Huainan coal mine was improved further with the introduction of a large number of cutting-edge technology and the cultivation of technical talents,together with the financial and technical assistance from the America so that the level of mechanization of mining in Huainan coal mine was further improved.In the combing and summary process for the history of the four stages,this paper also drew a conclusion from four different sides,from which we can get the summary of the major events including scientific research achievements of the science and technology of Huainan mining:One is about the geology theory and the exploration techniques of Huainan coal field.From the tectonic theory of Huainan,we can deduce the existence of a new coal field called Bagongshan;and further we can make the establishment of the specification of geological survey,and also a drill for new coal field.Furthermore,the grand Huainan basin was put forward by Xie Jia'rong.Secondly,this paper expounds the historical contribution of Huainan coal mine in the development of economic geology in China from a new angle of economic geology.The discovery of Huainan new coalfield is the successful practice of Xie Jiarong's economic geology thought in Huainan coal mine.It is a powerful example of economic geology theory for guiding practice,reminding people to pay attention to the "economic" characteristics of geological and mineral resources.Thirdly,we made a systematic summary of the development process of modern mining technology in Huainan.Including the analysis of the political and economic environment,the introduction of advanced technology concepts and equipment,the cultivation of mining talents,and the effective organization and management of coal production,transportation and marketing.Fourthly,we made an early practice of the deep processing of coal and the sharing of large-scale instruments and equipment in Huainan.The content covers the coal quality analysis,coking scientific test,coking method selection,and Shanghai advanced research conditions for Huainan coal detection experiments,which can be regarded as the early practice of large-scale scientific instruments sharing today.Through the summary and analysis of the different periods and different sides of Huainan coal mine development,the following five important enlightenments are obtained:Firstly,we should improve the understanding of the importance of coal resources.Coal is the foundation of industrial economy and plays an extremely important role in the development of national economy and society.It is necessary to make rational arrangement,scientific development and effective utilization of coal resources from the national level.Secondly,we should increase the policy support for the mining economy.We should increase the funds and policy support to the coal mining industry and give full play to the leverage effect brought by the national tax and financial investment,and finally make the mining economy bigger and stronger.Thirdly,we should develop the leading role of science and technology well in the development of mining economy.Through the introduction of advanced science and technology,ideas and equipment,together with improving the production efficiency and reducing production costs,then we can take the initiative in the market competition.Fourthly,we should coordinate the development of mining industry.The development of mining industry is a systematic project.It is necessary to organize and coordinate the relationship between coal enterprises and local areas scientifically and effectively,as well as many factors in the fields of production,transportation and marketing.Fifthly,we should correctly grasp the path choice of the industrial transformation of coal resource-based city.Through relying on coal and extending coal,but not only relying coal and finally beyond the coal,we make this as the guidance and insist on the development of innovation to lead the development,further strengthen the construction for two-type cities,we can provide useful references and lessons for the transformation and development of numerous resource-based cities.